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Physio > Lecture 2 Resp > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Resp Flashcards

1
Q

bronchiole arteries come from what place of the heart

A

left ventricle

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2
Q

what part of the aorta do bronchiole arteries arise

A

descending thoracic aorta

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3
Q

what lung circulation system is high flow low pressure

A

pumonary (pumonary arteries proper)

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4
Q

what circulation system is low flow high pressure

A

systemic (bronchiole arteries)

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5
Q

bronchiole arteries deliver what type of blood to where in the lungs

A

to thicker lung tissue with non gas exchange areas

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6
Q

pumonary artery has what two physical features to reduce resistance and increase compliance and distensibility

A

thinner wall, larger lumen

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7
Q

main pulmonary artery and its branches have a larger diameter than systemic….true or false

A

true

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8
Q

what is the normal blood volume in the lungs

A

450ml……10% of total body fluid

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9
Q

right ventricle and pulmonary arteries are typically what pressure together

A

25mmhg

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10
Q

pulmonary vein and left atrium average at what pressure

A

2mmhg

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11
Q

pulmonary capillaries average at what pressure normally

A

7mmhg

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12
Q

what two pathologies of the heart can increase normal blood volume as high as 900ml?

A
  1. left sided heart failure

2. mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation

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13
Q

what phenomenon occurs in blood vessels of poorly oxygenated lung areas?

A

vasoconstriction (shunting towards more useful areas of ventilation)

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14
Q

What zone has no blood flow, where the alveolar pressure is higher than pulmonary pressure?

A

zone 1

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15
Q

a zone 1 situation can be induced by what 3 pathologies?

A
  1. severe blood loss
  2. breathing against positive pressure
  3. Right sided heart failure
    (also a PE)
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16
Q

What type of blood flow is zone 2?

A

intermittent flow during quiet respiration

17
Q

What type of blood flow is zone 3?

A

continuous flow (typically lower down toward the bases of the lungs)

18
Q

Blood flow to lungs can increase 4-7 fold during exercise, and is achieved by what 3 mechanisms?

A
  1. capillary distensibility
  2. increased capillary numbers (local autoregulation opens up)
  3. increase in pulmonary artery pressure
19
Q

below 8mmhg in the left atria, backup does not occur in what part of the lungs?

A

pulmonary artery pressure

20
Q

if the pressure of the left atria exceeds 8mmhg, what is the relationship between LAP and pulmonary artery pressure as well as pumonary capillary pressure?

A

is increases 1:1 (in step with each other)

21
Q

Above what Left atrial pressure (mmhg) does pulmonary edema begin to develop?

A

30mmhg

22
Q

In a person with Left sided heart failure, what could the pressure potentially rise between?

A

40-50mmHg

23
Q

Pulmonary capillaries are a low pressure system, (7mmHg), but quickly move through pulmonary capillaries…by what autoregulatoin can make that speed even faster

A

local pre-capillary sphincters opening up in the pulmonary arteries dropping resistance and increasing flow

24
Q

what is the only place we see a significant interstitial osmotic pressure in the body (14mmHg)

A

Pulmonary capillaries (due to leaky capillaries that let proteins out)

25
Q

That pulmonary interstitium maintains a net -5 to -8 mmHg at all times, what would happen if this number became positive?

A

Then fluid would accumulate in the alveoli and could rupture

26
Q

what is the main player in keeping the alveoli “dry”

A

lymphatics (net filtration +1)

27
Q

what 2 cardiac pathologies increase hydrostatic pressure that contribute to pulmonary edema?

A
  1. Left sided heart failure

2. Mitral valve disease

28
Q

what 3 pathologies concerned with the filtration coefficient (capillary level), cause damage to the pulmonary capillaries?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Infection
  3. Noxious Gasses
29
Q

Diseases of what 2 organs can decrease reabsorption in pulmonary capillaries, and result in a decrease in production of plasma colloids (plasma colloid osmotic pressure)

A
  1. Liver Disease (underproduction of proteins)

2. Kidney Disease (dumping of proteins)

30
Q

is acute or chronic pulmonary edema more damaging?

A

acute (less accomodation)

31
Q

how much wiggle room “safety factor” in mmHg exists between normal pressure increases, and the pressure at which edema begins to occur acutely?

A

21mmHG (contributed by colloid differences)

32
Q

What mechanism allows chronic pulmonary edema to be subclinical?

A

lymphatics (can allow upto 40mmHg in pulmonary capillaries w/o edema)

Physio (11 decks)

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