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Physio > Lecture 1 resp > Flashcards

Lecture 1 resp Flashcards

1
Q

4 major aspects of resp. system

A

ventilation, gas xchange, blood xport, regulation of respiration

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2
Q

what % of energy is expended in quiet inspiration

A

3-5%

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3
Q

4 muscles of forceful inspiration

A

scalene, sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, external intercostals

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4
Q

2 muscles of forceful expiration

A

rectus abdominis, internal intercostals

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5
Q

all avleoli has elastic recoil force, is this force stronger or weaker in larger alveoli’s

A

weaker

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6
Q

emphysema has stronger or weaker recoil

A

weaker (larger barrel chested alveoli)

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7
Q

what provides negative pleural pressure

A

lymphatic pumping

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8
Q

inspiration decreases pressure from -5 to what?

A

-7.5 cm water

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9
Q

on inspiration, alveolar pressure momentarily increases or deceases

A

decreases (slightly below atmospheric)

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10
Q

on expiration, alveolar pressure momentarily increases or decreases

A

increases (slightly above atmospheric)

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11
Q

alveolar volume increases enough to let how much in liters or air to enter

A

.5Liter

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12
Q

alveolar pressure increases or decreases in how many cm/h20

A

+/- 1cm H20

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13
Q

The pressure difference between alveolar and pleural pressure is called?

A

transpulmonary pressure

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14
Q

when is transpulmonary pressure the biggest/highest difference?

A

at the end of inspiration

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15
Q

Lung volume per 1cm/H20 in transpulmonary pressure is called

A

Compliance

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16
Q

1cm change in transpulmonary pressure allows for how much change in lung volume compliance

A

110ml, would be higher if the lungs were in a backpack w/o resistance

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17
Q

what is the biggest limitation to compliance

A

the presence of the chest wall

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18
Q

what are the 2 main forces in elastic alveolar recoil?

A

elastic force (elastin/collagen) and surface tension

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19
Q

elastin and collagen account for what fraction of total elastic recoil of the lungs

A

1/3rd

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20
Q

what molecular phenomenon keeps h20 together to force surface tension in the lungs

A

polarity of h20 molecules

21
Q

what fraction does surface tension contribute to total elastic recoil of the lungs

A

2/3rd

22
Q

Surfactant (a mix of phospholipids, proteins, and calcium ions), increases or decreases surface tension in the lungs?

A

decreases

23
Q

what is the chemical name for surfactant?

A

Phosphatidylcholine

24
Q

small babies have less surfactant, what can happen to their lungs

A

collapse, with strong recoil

25
Q

smaller the alveolar radius, the stronger the recoil forces….true or false

A

true

26
Q

volume inspired with each breath in quiet respiration

A

Tidal volume

27
Q

volume that can be inspired with full force above normal tidal volume

A

inspiratory reserve volume

28
Q

volume that can be forcefully expired with full force after end of normal expiratory capacity

A

expiratory reserve volume

29
Q

from the bottom of quiet inspiration to the top of total inspiratory volume

A

inspiratory capacity

30
Q

from the bottom of forced expiration to the top of the forced inspiration

A

vital capacity (9 times more than normal tidal volume)

31
Q

volume of lungs at the end of forceful expiration

A

residual volume

32
Q

from the top of forced inspiration to bottom of residual volume

A

total lung capacity

33
Q

volume of air in URT that does not participate in respiration (nose to non-terminal bronchioles)

A

dead space (usually 150ml)

34
Q

formula for person to normally ventilate about 6L/minute of air

A

tidal volume of 1 breath x RR

500ml/breath x 12 RR

35
Q

Term for volume participating in gas exchange in one minute

A

Alveolar ventilation rate

(tidal volume - dead space) x RR

36
Q

the nose (“climate control”), has what 3 functions

A
  1. Warms
  2. Humidifies
  3. Filters
37
Q

almost no particles larger than how many micrometers reach trachea

A

6 micrometers

1-5 settle in terminal bronchioles

38
Q

what airway structure is the most responsible for resistance in quiet respiration

A

Bronchi

39
Q

from bronchi to bronchioles, we loose the cartilaginous rings and gain what?

A

smooth muscle and branching that drop the resistance significantly

40
Q

introduction of smooth muscle to the airway can introduce what 3 main pathologies

A
  1. Edema to mucous membranes
  2. Muscous plugs
  3. Constriction/dilation
41
Q

Anaphylaxis produces inability to do what effectively in respiration

A

expiration

42
Q

sympathetic stimulation (sensetive to epi), do what to the airway

A

airway dilation

43
Q

parasympathetic stimulation to airway smooth muscle causes constriction by what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

44
Q

every drug anatagonistic to acetylcholine receptors will prevent what function in the bronchioles

A

dilation

45
Q

in both cough and sneeze reflex, how many liters are inhaled rapidly

A

2.5liters

5 times more than tidal volume

46
Q

Why does the epiglottis close at the end of inspiration

A

to build up lung pressure, to allow something to be expelled on rapid forced expiration

47
Q

In a sneeze, what additional physical phenomenon occurs to make the air push out of the nose

A

Uvula depression

48
Q

Past what point in the airway will a FB not illicit a cough reflex

A

Carina

Physio (11 decks)

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