Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Molecular 3rd pt. 2 > Lecture 2 pt 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the major enzyme involved in transcription

A

RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the major enzyme involved in DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what direction is RNA synthesized from

A

5’ to 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what direction is DNA synthesized from

A

5’ to 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

true/false RNA is synthesized from an RNA template

A
  • false
  • a DNA template
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

RNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of what kind of bond

A

phosphodiester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of what kind of bond

A

phosphodiester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of what kind of phosphodiester bond from linkage of what

A

deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of what kind of phosphodiester bond from linkage of what

A

ribonucleotides (rNTPs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

does RNA polymerase require a primer to initiate synthesis

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

does DNA polymerase require a primer to initiate synthesis

A

yes (either DNA or RNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RNA polymerase has a _____ proofreading mechanism

A
  • modest
  • error of 1/10^4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DNA polymerase has a _____ proofreading mechanism

A
  • good
  • error of 1/10^7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why is there a difference in proofreading abilities

A
  • cause DNA is the main copy
  • RNA is transient and based off DNA
  • if you do RNA wrong, just do it again it doesn’t matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what composes a holoenzyme

A

the core AND the sigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the sigma factor do

A

enables holoenzyme to bind selectively to diff promotor sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how many types of core enzymes are there

A

one type (not one molecule… one type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how many types of σ factors are there

A

several

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why are diff σ used by the enzyme

A

to recognize diff promotors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a promotor

A

a region that tells the RNA pol where to sit on the DNA to start transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe the transcription cycle of bacterial RNA pol

A
  • initiation starts
  • σ factor and core subunit of RNA pol associate to form holoenzyme
  • holoenzyme slides along DNA
  • σ factor recognizes promotor sequence on DNA
  • closed complex forms at promotor
  • open complex now forms, aka transcription bubble
  • abortive initiation happens, aka scrunching. instead of moving along the DNA, the pol stands there and brings the strand towards itself
  • promotor clearance, breaks free from the promotor, and σ is released
  • elongation starts
  • elongation happens idk thats a later thing
  • termination starts
  • RNA pol reaches and transcribes termination sequence on template DNA
  • a hairpin will form on the RNA
  • this causes the RNA pol to release its hold on the RNA
22
Q

what is the yellow part

A

coding sequence

23
Q

what is the part to the left of the yellow

A

upstream

24
Q

what is the part to the right of the yellow

A

downstream

25
Q

what part will be transcribed

A
26
Q

what is the red part

A

consensus sequence of the promotor

27
Q

what part will be translated

A
28
Q

true/false initiation of transcription occurs at the ATG start codon

A

false

29
Q

true/false diff promotors are recognized by diff types of sigma factors of RNA polymerase

A

true

30
Q

what does UTR stand for

A

untranslated region

31
Q

what are the 2 ends

A
  • amino
  • carboxyl
32
Q

what decides how much RNA is made

A

promotor

33
Q

which gene has high and low expression

A
34
Q

true/false promotor sequences are often symmetrical to ease binding options

A
  • false
  • asymmetrical so RNA pol can bind in one orientation only
35
Q

when is the bottom DNA strand the template

A

if youre going from left to right

36
Q

when is the top DNA strand the template

A

going from right to left

37
Q

each type of eukaryotic RNA pol contains how many subunits

A

at least 10

38
Q

what does RNA pol I transcribe

A
  • 5.8S rRNA
  • 18S rRNA
  • 28S rRNA
39
Q

what is alpha amanitin

A
  • a compound in a poisonous mushroom
  • diff RNA pols have diff sensitivity to it
40
Q

what does RNA pol II transcribe

A
  • mRNAs
  • snoRNA
  • miRNA
  • siRNA
  • lncRNA
  • most snRNA
41
Q

what does RNA pol III transcribe

A
  • tRNA
  • 5s rRNA
  • some snRNA
  • other small rRNA
42
Q

how sensitive to alpha-amanitin is RNA pol I

A

insensitive

43
Q

how sensitive to alpha-amanitin is RNA pol II

A

very sensitive

44
Q

how sensitive to alpha-amanitin is RNA pol III

A

moderately sensitive

45
Q

how can we use RNA pol sensitivities to alpha-amanitin in lab

A

you can put a tiny bit of poison (alpha amanitin) into your sample in the lab to determine which RNA polymerase is being used

46
Q

eukaryotic RNA pol require what before they bind selectively to diff promotor sequences

A

the presence of additional initiation proteins (transcription fators)

47
Q

rank the diff RNA pol sensitivities to alpha-amanitin

A
  • most
  • pol II
  • pol III
  • pol I
48
Q

what is often the first transcription factor to bind

A

TATA binding protein (TBP)

49
Q

the transcriptional start site is usually indicated by what

A

a +1 arrow

50
Q

what transcription factor has helicase activity

A

TFIH

51
Q
A

Molecular 3rd pt. 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions