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Molecular 3rd pt. 2 > Lecture 2 pt 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of RNA are translated

A

mRNA only

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2
Q

what percent of RNA in a cell are mRNAs

A

3-5%

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3
Q

what percent of RNA in a cell are rRNAs

A

75-80%

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4
Q

what percent of RNA in a cell are tRNAs

A

10-15%

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5
Q

what percent of RNA in a cell are all the RNAs other than mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

A

less than 5%

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6
Q

order the different RNAs in order of percentage in a cell

A
  • most
  • rRNA
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • everything else
  • least
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7
Q

the template strand is the _________ (coding/ non- coding) strand

A

non-coding

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8
Q

the non-template strand is the _________ (coding/ non- coding) strand

A

coding strand

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9
Q

RNA has the same sequence as the _______ (coding/ template) DNA strand except U instead of T (and the sugar)

A

coding

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10
Q

what follows the central dogma

A
  • all cells
  • except retroviruses and prions
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11
Q

what is for the permanent storage of genetic info

A

DNA

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12
Q

what is for the transient storage of genetic info

A

RNA

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13
Q

what is the final gene product

A

protein

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14
Q

when is RNA not for the transient storage of genetic info

A

structural and catalytic RNA

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15
Q

when is protein not the final gene product

A

when the final product is structural and catalytic RNS

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16
Q

what does mRNA stand for

A

messenger RNA

17
Q

what does rRNA stand for

A

ribosomal RNA

18
Q

what does tRNA stand for

A

transfer RNA

19
Q

what does snRNA stand for

A

small nuclear RNA

20
Q

what does snoRNA stand for

A

small nuclear RNA (same as snRNA)

21
Q

what does lncRNA stand for

A

long noncoding RNA

22
Q

what does miRNA stand for

A

MicroRNAs

23
Q

what does siRNA stand for

A

small interfering RNA

24
Q

what does piRNA stand for

A

Piwi-interacting RNA

25
Q

what do mRNAs do

A

code for proteins

26
Q
A
27
Q

are exons normally long or short compared to introns

A
  • exons= short
  • introns= long
28
Q

what is one of the central problems in producing proteins from info in genomes

A
  • most steps depend on conventional nucleic acid base pairing
  • which is only modestly accurate
29
Q

what do mRNAs stand for and what do they do

A
  • messenger RNAs
  • code for proteins
30
Q

what do rRNAs stand for and what do they do

A
  • ribosomal RNAs
  • form the basic structure of the ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis
31
Q

what do tRNAs stand for and what do they do

A
  • transfer RNAs
  • central to protein synthesis as the adaptors between mRNA and AA
  • serve as the adaptors that select amino acids and hold them in place on a ribosome for incorporation into protein
32
Q

what do snRNAs stand for and what do they do

A
  • small nuclear RNA
  • function in a variety of nuclear processes,
  • direct the splicing of pre-mRNA to form mRNA
33
Q

what do snoRNAs stand for and what do they do

A
  • Small nucleolar RNAs
  • help to process and chemically modify rRNAs
34
Q

what do lncRNAs stand for and what do they do

A
  • Long noncoding RNAs
  • not all of which appear to have a function; some serve as scaffolds and regulate diverse cell processes, including X-chromosome inactivation
35
Q

what do miRNAs stand for and what do they do

A
  • MicroRNAs
  • regulate gene expression by blocking translation of specific mRNAs and causing their degradation
36
Q

what do siRNAs stand for and what do they do

A
  • Small interfering RNAs
  • turn off gene expression by directing the degradation of selective mRNAs and helping to establish repressive chromatin structures
37
Q

what do piRNAs stand for and what do they do

A
  • Piwi-interacting RNAs
  • bind to piwi proteins and protect the germ line from transposable elements

Molecular 3rd pt. 2 (5 decks)

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