LECTURE 2: practice makes perfect Flashcards
why do we need to practice
Voluntary, coordinated movement is the result of numerous sub-systems working together to satisfy task and environmental demands
repetition via practice enables human movement system to…
perceive, decide, act
what is needed for learning to occur
feedback or error
what is the myth for amount of hours we should practice
10,000 hours to achieve expertise
what is the origin of the 10,000 hours myth
Anders Ericsson: expertise in different performance domains acquired over 10years or 10,000 hours of practice
Accumulation of deliberate practice:
- Differs from play]
- Emphasis is on learning
- No immediate rewards
- High intrinsic motivation
Implicitly adopted by many talent identification and development systems
deliberate practice
- Increasing performance
- Long-term gains
- Not fun
- Structured / taught
deliberate play
- Intrinsic motivation
- Immediate gratification
- Enjoyment
- Unsupervised
what should we practice
It used to be thought that you only learn what you practice (specific)
However, we now know that transfer of practice can occur: information (perception) + movement (action)
Practice content should reflect the performance environment (representative learning)
what does change in difficulty influence
practice effectiveness (e.g. instruction + assistive devices)
should be modified to meet demands of task for learner optimally
post practice strategies
Quality sleep has important physical, emotional and mental benefits
One night of sleep = 20% increase in motor speed without loss of accuracy (equivalent period of time during wake provided no significant benefit)
Research suggests sleep soon after practice to consolidate learning
does practice make perfect?
not necessarily
what influences learning effectiveness?
- How much we practice
- What we practice (content)
- Organisation of skills
- How often we practice
