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GAR > lecture-2-pleural-cavity-&-lungs > Flashcards

lecture-2-pleural-cavity-&-lungs Flashcards

1
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer somatic sensation - acute perception to pain and pressure

usually localized

can be referred

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2
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer visceral sensation - poor/no perception of pain; felt via autonomic fibers POORLY localized lack of sensation in the visceral pleura = why tumors are NOT felt untill they are large

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3
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between parietal and visceral pleura filled with capillary fluid pressure in cavity allowing lung to expand

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4
Q

pleural effusion

A

buildup of fluid in the pleural cavity

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5
Q

pleura is ____ ribs (above/below) the lungs

A

pleura is __2__ ribs _BELOW_ the lungs

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6
Q

mid-inspiration the INFERIOR BORDERS of the LUNG and PLEURA cross these ribs at indicated reference lines

A

Lungs

Midclavicular 6

midaxillary 8

scapular 10

Pleura

Midclavicular 8

midaxillary 10

scapular 12

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7
Q

Right lung: fissures lobes

A

oblique and horizontal fissures

3 lobes - upper, middle, lower

upper = anterior

lower = posterior

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8
Q

Left lung: fissures lobes

A

oblique fissure

2 lobes:

upper and lower

upper = anterior

lower = posterior

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9
Q

which lung makes room for the heart

A

left

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10
Q

which lung has the lingula

A

left

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11
Q

which lung has the cardiac notch

A

left

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12
Q

where is the lingula located?

A

at the INFERIOR part of the SUPERIOR LOBE of the LEFT lung

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13
Q

when listening to respirations on the ANTERIOR chest, stethoscope is placed where?

A

more superiorly (upper lobe)

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14
Q

when listening to respirations on the POSTERIOR chest, stethoscope is placed where?

A

more inferiorly (lower lobe)

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15
Q

the trachea divides into the right and left (primary/main) bronchi at what landmark?

A

sternal angle of louis (2nd rib)

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16
Q

what causes the cough reflex

A

carina when the ridge where the bronchi divide is irritated = cough reflex

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17
Q

aspirated objects are more likely to lodge in the

A

aspirated objects are more likely to lodge in the __ RIGHT MAIN BRONCHUS___

***because it is wider and more vertically in line with the trachea

18
Q

pulmonary Arteries are

A

intrAsegmental

19
Q

pulmonary vEins are

A

intErsegmental

20
Q

bronchiole

A

without cartilage

have alveoli

21
Q
A

pleural effusion

22
Q
A

aspirated object

23
Q
A

hemi-diaphragm

24
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the lungs

A

vagus nerve

aka cranial nerve X

vasodilates lung vessels

bronchoconstricts

increases mucus

returns body to peaceful state

25
Q

sympathetic innervation of the lungs

A

sympathetic chain

vasoconstricts systematic vessels (incr. blood pressure, HR, Stroke Volume)

VasoDILATES coronary arteries (incr. Blood flow in Heart)

bronchodilates (incr. air flow)

decreases mucus

26
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

Phrenic Nerve (C3, C4, C5)

“C3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive”

Motor N. to diaphragm

sensory to diaphragm

sensory to mediastinal pleura

27
Q

Diaphragm injury results in ______ pain

A

Diaphragm injury results in ___REFERRED___ pain

28
Q

Diaphragm injury

Sensation is felt in the ____

A

Diaphragm injury

Sensation is felt in the ___NECK and SHOULDERS___

think brachial plexus

29
Q

Diaphragm __(rises/drops)__ during inspiration to __(increase/decrease)__ thoracic volume

A

Diaphragm __(rises/DROPS)__ during inspiration to __(INCREASES/decrease)__ thoracic volume

30
Q

if the phrenic nerve is damage then a hemi-diaphragm will appear _______ on chest x-ray on THAT side

A

if the phrenic nerve is damage then a hemi-diaphragm will appear __ELEVATED__ on chest x-ray on THAT side

31
Q

list the respiratory msucles involved in inspiration

A

Diaphragm

Intercostals

Neck

Pectoralis Minor

32
Q

list the respiratory msucles involved in expiration

A

Relaxation

33
Q

list the respiratory msucles involved in FORCED expiration

A

abdominal muscles

34
Q

Pneumothorax

A

outside air gets into PLEURAL CAVITY

Lung shrinks (due to high degree of elastic recoil)

Mediastinum shifts to one side ==> stopping blood flow to the heart

35
Q

Open Pneumothorax

A

air gets in and out of cavity

lung odes not expand

SUCKING SOUND

36
Q

Closed / Tension Pneumothorax

A

“valve-like”

opening in chest wall/lung

air cannot escape pleural cavity during expiration

37
Q

Treatment for Pneumothorax

A

Thoracocentesis

place hollow instrument at 2ND or 3RD ICS to remove fluid, blood, or pus

38
Q

Lung Cancer

Pain in shoulder

A

Pancoast syndrome

tumor grows upward

39
Q

Lung cancer

Difficulty lifting arm

A

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

Vena Cava is compressed by tumor

40
Q
A

Left Sided Tension Pneumothorax

mediastinum, heart, trachea deviate to opposite side

Lung collapsed on side of lesion

41
Q

Chylothorax

GAR (10 decks)

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