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GAR > lecture-1 > Flashcards

lecture-1 Flashcards

1
Q

sagittal plane

A

right and left sides

parallel to median plane

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2
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane

superior/inferior

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3
Q

coronal plane

A

anterior/poster

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4
Q

Superior is the same as

A

cephalic
rostral
cranial

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5
Q

inferior is the same as

A

caudal

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6
Q

Sternal angle of louis

A

between the manubrium and the body

2nd rib attaches at the sternal angle

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7
Q

true ribs

A

1-7

attach via costal cartilage directly to sternum

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8
Q

false ribs

A

8-10

attach to rib 7 costal cartilage

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9
Q

floating ribs

A

11-12

have costal cartilage but do NOT attach anteriorly

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10
Q

costal groove

A

site of Neurovascular bundle (NVB)
VAN
vein, artery, nerve

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11
Q

Typical ribs

A

ribs 3-9
attach to body of same number
attach to body of lower number
attach to transverse process of same number
example rib 6 attaches to body of 6, body of 5, transverse process of 6

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12
Q

Skin layers (order)

A 
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
superficial fascia
fat
deep fascia
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13
Q

afferent nerve endings are found in which layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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14
Q

cutaneous nerves are found in which layer of the skin

A

hypodermis

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15
Q

lymphatic vessels are found in which layer of the skin

A

hypodermis

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16
Q

blood vessels are found in which layer of the skin

A

hypodermis

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17
Q

langer lines

A

tension lines
natural orientation of collagen fibers in dermis and epidermis
clinical surgeons cut parallel to langer lines for better healing and less scarring

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18
Q

pectoralis major

A

two heads - clavicular and sternocostal
A: adducts & medial rotates arms
I: Medial (SH) & lateral (CH) pectoral nerve
B: Thoracoacromial artery

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19
Q

cephalic vein is found in

A

deltopectoral triangle

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20
Q

cephalic vein dives into the

A

clavipectoral fascia

21
Q

clavipectoral fascia covers the

A

pec minor

22
Q

pectoralis minor

A

A: DEPRESSES SHOULDER AND ELEVATES RIBS (important inspiratory muscle)
I: medial pectoral nerve
B: Thoracoacromial artery

23
Q

Which nerve pierces pectoral minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

24
Q

Lump

A

cyst, fibrocystic disease, hormonal
tumor
abscess

25
Q

Dimpling

A

injury
benign mass
invasion of suspensory ligaments (or injury)

26
Q

Retracted Nipple

A

invasion of lactiferous ducts

27
Q

Peau dā€™ orange

A

rough, hard, yellow skin (like an orange peel)

lymphatic blockage

28
Q

Warmth / Redness

A

pregnancy, menstrual cycle

warm - fast growing tumor with large vascular demand ā€“> dilation of superficial veins

29
Q

Less mobile breast

A

injury, implant, muscular development

invasion of deep fascia of pectoral muscles

30
Q

inverted nipple

A

10% of females have inverted nipples as a normal condition

31
Q

polymastia

A

extra breasts

32
Q

polythelia

A

extra nipples

33
Q

gynecomastia

A

male breasts

feminization

34
Q

Flexion

A

decreases angle between two body parts

35
Q

Extension

A

increases angle between two body parts

36
Q

ABduction

A

Away from the midline

37
Q

ADduction

A

ADDing to the midline

38
Q

Medial Rotation

A

rotating towards the midline

anterior surface points toward midline

39
Q

Circumduction

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

circular rotation

40
Q

Axillary lymphatic nodes

A

lateral

breast cancer metasisize

41
Q

Parasternal lymphatic nodes

A

medial

42
Q

Clavicular Nodes

A

axillary and parasternal drain into the clavicular nodes which drain into large veins of the neck

43
Q

Breasts are located in the

A

superficial fascia

44
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

Hands in pocket

help elevate ribs

45
Q

Internal intercostal muscles

A

Down and out

help elevate ribs

46
Q

Innermost intercostal muscles

A

give rise to transverse thoracic muscles

47
Q

Brachiocephalic artery gives rise to

A

right subclavian

48
Q

aorta gives rise to

A

left subclavian

GAR (10 decks)

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