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GAR > lecture-2-heart-and-great-vessels > Flashcards

lecture-2-heart-and-great-vessels Flashcards

1
Q

diastole

A

relaxing of the heart

filling of ventricles

pulmonary and aortic valves (through which blood leaves ventricles) are CLOSED

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2
Q

systole

A

Contraction of the ventricles

Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valves are closed

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3
Q

the most anterior part of the heart is the

A

right ventricle

important because of stab wounds

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4
Q

the most posterior portion of the heart

A

left atrium

important. consider swallowing fish bone

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5
Q

transverse pericardial sinus:

location

clinical importance

A

posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk

anterior to the SVC

surgeons place surgical clamp here so that blood flow cna be diverted during surgery

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6
Q

pericardium

A

double wall membrane

encloses heart & great vessels

consists of fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

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7
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

tough external fibrous layer

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8
Q

serous pericardium

A

deep to the fibrous pericardium

serous pericardium is ALSO DOUBLE LAYERED - parietal and visceral layers

layers lubricate heart by secreting fluid

layer next to fibrous pericardium is parietal layer

layer surrounding the heart is the visceral layer

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9
Q

pericardial cavity

A

between parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium

fluid can accumulate here and lead to constriction of the heart

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10
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

compression of heart due to excess fluid, pus, blood in pericardial cavity

causes decrease in diastolic filling of the ventricles ==> decrease in stroke volume ==> shock and death

treatment is pericardiocentesis

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11
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

treatment for cardiac tamponade

procedure: needle used to remove fluid from pericardial sac

common region of drainage is xiphoid and coastal margin

cardiac notch (left lung) allows access to pericardial sac for drainage (5th and 6th ICS)

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12
Q

coronary sinus drains into the

A

right atrium

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13
Q

only structure that contains pectinate

A

right atrium

some of the others contain something similar called tubercle carneae

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14
Q

crista terminalis

A

used to find SA node

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15
Q

fossa ovale

A

located between left and right atrium

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16
Q

atrial septal defects (ASDs)

A

occur when foramen ovale is not properly closed during devleopment

15-25% of people have small foramen ovale left (no clinical significance)

large ASDs - significant oxygenated blood from left atrium is shunted to the right atrium

Paradoxal embolism - travels to the brain

17
Q

structures before birth that impact circulation

A

Foramen Ovale

bypass lungs

RA => foramen ovale => LA

Ductus Arteriosus

bypass lungs

RV => ductus arteriosus => aorta => body

BOTH bypass lungs

18
Q

chorae tendineae

A

“heartstrings”

connect papillary muscles to the Tricuspid and Mitral (aka Bicuspid) valves

19
Q

papillary muslces contract during

A

systole

contraction of papillary muscles ==> tightening of chorea tendineae

20
Q

moderator band:

location

how you can distinguish it

A

Right ventricle

in the area of papillary muscles but is not connected to chorea tendineae

considered part the electrical conduction system of the heart

21
Q

mitral valve has ___ cusps and they are ____-

A

mitral valve has _TWO__ cusps and they are _ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR___-

22
Q

aortic valve has ___ number of cusps and they are ______

A

aortic valve has _THREE__ number of cusps and they are __LEFT, RIGHT, POSTERIOR____

23
Q

Aortic valve

left cusp

right cusp

A

LCA

RCA

24
Q

where is the sinus of valsava

A

aorta

25
Q

which CA supplies the SA node?

A

RCA (via the sinoatrial nodal branch)

in 40% of people the sinoatrial nodal branch comes off the LCA

26
Q

RCA branch

A

marginal branch

27
Q

LCA branch(es)

A

left circumflex artery

left anterior descending branch (LAD)

28
Q

dominance refers to where the _________ comes from (RCA or LCA)

A

dominance refers to where the ____posterior interventicular artery ____ comes from (RCA or LCA)

29
Q

CA dominance

A

70% - right

20% - balanced

10% - left

30
Q

cardiac skeleton functions

A

attachment for heart muscles

attachment for the valves

prevents over distension

INSULATOR - momentarily halts SA node signal ==> allows atria to contract first

31
Q

pacemaker-defibrillator

A

used for patients with irregular heartbeats due to SA AV or conduction system damage.

single lead in RA - stimulates SA node. used when conduction system is NOT damage

double lead in RV - stimulates conducting fibers at the apex. required when AV bundles have been damaged.

32
Q

APT M 25

“Apartment M 25”

A

APT M 25 - Aortic Valve; Right 2nd ICS

APT M 25 - Pulmonic Valve; Left 2nd ICS

APT M 25 - Tricuspid Valve; Left 4-5th ICS

APT M 25 - Mitral Valve; Apex of the Heart at 5th ICS

33
Q
A

GAR (10 decks)

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