Lecture 2 - part 2 - Glandular epithelium and connective tissue

Question 1

What are the 2 types of gland

Answer 1

• Endocrine - secrete into blood stream

- Exocrine - secrete into ducts

Question 2

Modes of glandular secretion

Answer 2

• Merocrine - secreted via exocytosis
• Apocrine - tip of cell sheds - breaks off
• Holocrine - whole cell ruptures

Question 3

Types of glandular secretion

Answer 3

• Mucous - sticky - stains lightly
• Serous - watery - stains darkly
• Sebaceous - oily

Question 4

What gland secretes mixed

Answer 4

Lacrimal gland

mucous and serous

Question 5

What can glandular exocrine glands be split into

Answer 5

• Unicellular glands

- Multicellular glands

Question 6

What is example of unicellular gland

Answer 6

Goblet cells

Question 7

Which ocular tissue contains goblet cells and why?

Answer 7

Conjunctiva in the upper eyelid.
In the conjunctiva goblet cells are a source of mucin in tears and they also secrete different types of mucins onto the ocular surface.
Mucus binds aqueous and tear film in your eye + Secrete proteins

Question 8

Role of goblet cells

Answer 8

Produce mucous

Question 9

Where are goblet cells found

Answer 9

Conjunctiva

Question 10

What forms the mucous part of tear film

Answer 10

Conjunctival goblet cells - cover posterior ( back )surface of eyelids and exposed surface of eye (limbus)

Question 11

What do goblet cells have

Answer 11

triangular nucleus + large lumen

Question 12

What are multicellular glands divided into

Answer 12

Simple ( one duct )
Compound ( several ducts ) - bundles of secretory cells
Each duct has secretory units - secrete substances into guts

Question 13

What is example of simple multicellular gland

Answer 13

tarsal gland - found in upper and lower eyelids

They open onto the ocular surface via pores at the eyelid margin

Question 14

What is example of multicellular compound gland

Answer 14

Lacrimal gland

Question 15

what part of tear film does lacrimal glands secrete

Answer 15

Aqueous component - serous secretions

Question 16

What part of tear film does tarsal gland produce

Answer 16

Lipid layer - oily

Question 17

What is connective tissue

Answer 17

• Acellular
• Consists of:
  
  • Ground subsntance
  • Different types of fibres
  • Small number of various types of cell

Question 18

What are 4 types of connective tissue

Answer 18

• Cartilage
• Bone
• Blood
• Connective tissue proper

Question 19

What is ground substance

Answer 19

background substance ( consisting mainly of glycoproteins and proteoglycans ), in which the other elements of connective tissue are suspended

Question 20

What does ground substance do

Answer 20

Suspends fibres

Question 21

What are the different types of fibres

Answer 21

collagen - thickest and strongest, unstrechable
elastic - thinner than collagen, recoils
reticular - thicker than elastic, thinner than collagen, type of collagen

Question 22

What are the different types of cells in connective tissue

Answer 22

• Fibroblasts
• Plasma cells - produces antibodies
• Macrophages - phagocytosis
• Mast cells - inflammatory response

Question 23

What are fibroblasts

Answer 23

• Secrete fibres and ground substance
• Thermal insulation,
• Energy store
• Protection against mechanical shock
• Often 2D and flat

Question 24

Where are fibroblasts found

Answer 24

stroma of cornea - tightly packed collagen fibres

Question 25

What fibres are secreted by fibroblasts

Answer 25

collagen

Question 26

What is connective tissue divided into

Answer 26

Loose - fibres loosely arranged | and Dense - fibres densley arranged

Question 27

Loose connective tissue

Answer 27

Aereolar | Adipose

Question 28

Dense connective tissue

Answer 28

Regular - specific order, same diameter | Irregular - randomly arranged, varying diameters

Question 29

Loose areolar connective tissue

Answer 29

Packaging material of body soft and pliable most widely distributed type of connective tissue traps fluid light, fluffy, air loosely arranged - lots of air pockets - like cotton wool

Question 30

Where in the eye do you find aereolar connective tissue and why

Answer 30

``` The stroma (body) of the iris allows it to change shape - pupil expands- contracts easily - iris changes size as muscles contract to alter size of pupil ```

Question 31

Loose adipose connective tissue

Answer 31

Made up of fat cells - adipocytes - appear as white spaces as all organelles have been pushed to the side and whole cells occupied by fat droplet

Question 32

What are the functions of adipose connective tissue?

Answer 32

Thermal insulation Energy store Protect against mechanical shock

Question 33

What adipose connective tissue is associated with the eye?

Answer 33

Around outside of eye – surrounds lacrimal gland.

Question 34

Dense regular connective tissue

Answer 34

- Compact - Regulary arranged collagen fibres - Strong - Collagen fibres same size and same direction

Question 35

what is an example of a dense regular connective tissue

Answer 35

The corneal stroma | Regularly arranged collagen - makes it transparent

Question 36

Dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 36

- Less regularly arranged collagen fibres and keratin | - Different sizes and directions

Question 37

what is an example of a dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 37

Sclera | Irregularly arranged - makes it opaque

Question 38

Summary of connective tissue proper in eye

Answer 38

``` Loose.. Areolar: Iris Adipose: Lacrimal gland Dense.... Regular: Corneal Stroma Irregular: Sclera ```