Lecture 2 Outbreak Flashcards
What is a Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI)
It is an infection you might catch when getting healthcare in hospitals, care homes, doctors’ surgeries, health centres or receiving care at home
What is the incubation time for a HAI
> 40 hours
Define an outbreak
An outbreak of an infection is defined as 2 or more cases of an infection linked in time and place.
Describe the chain of infection
Infectious agent Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host
Name 4 infectious agents
Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
Prion
Name 5 examples of reservoirs
Humans Equipment Environment Food Animals
Name 3 portals of exit
Blood and body fluids
Skin scales/wounds
Coughing and sneezing
Name 3 modes of transmission
Direct or indirect
Inhalation
Ingesting of contaminated food
Name 5 portals of entry
Skin/surgical wounds Eyes or mouth Respiratory tract Intestinal tract Tubes
Name 4 types of susceptible hosts
Underdeveloped immune system
Decreasing immune system
Drugs or diseases
Tubes
Name the 5 moments of handwashing
- Before touching a patient
- Before clean/aseptic procedure
- After body fluid exposure risk
- After touching patient
- After touching patient surroundings
Name 5 transmission based precautions
Contact Gloves Apron Masks Eye protection
What is the size of a droplet
> 5µm
What is the size of an aerosol
<5µm
Define cleaning
Physical removal of organic material and decrease in microbial load
