Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomechanics Spring 2014 Agresta > Lecture 2: Muscle Types, Action > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Muscle Types, Action Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Skeletal muscle
A. Longer muscles better for large ranges of motion
B. 206 muscles in human body
C. Comprises 30% of body weight
D. Provide protection, posture, and support

A

A. True
B. False. Over 600
C. False. 40-50% of body weight
D. True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Parallel fusiform pennate convergent  circular?
A. Pec major
B. Orbicularis oculi
C. Deltoid
D. Biceps brachii
A

A. Convergent
B. Circular
C. Multipennate
D. Fusiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parallel fusiform pennate convergent circular?
A. Sartorius
B. Extensor Digitorum longus
C. Rectus femorus

A

A. Parallel
B. Unipennate
C. Bipennate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parallel fusiform pennate convergent circular?
A. Arrangement increases muscle x sec area
B. Direction of pull can be varied; versatile
C. Concentric fibers
D. Range of motion > similar sized muscles

A

A. Pennate
B. Convergent
C. Circular
D. Fusiform, parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Muscle action: strength, torque, or power?
A. Amount of tension a muscle produces
B. Work done over a period of time
C. Rotary movement around an axis; twisting
D. Maximal force a muscle can generate

A

A. Strength
B. Power
C. Torque
D. Strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contraction: Isotonic or Isometric?
A. Static contraction without joint motion
B. Tension in muscle initiates or controls movement
C. Can be concentric or eccentric
D. Tension of muscle = force applied

A

A. Isometric
B. Isotonic
C. Isotonic
D. Isometric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Isotonic Contraction: Concentric or Eccentric?
A. Muscle develops tension as it shortens
B. Muscle lengthens under tension
C. Muscle tension > resistance; initiates movement
D. Muscle tension

A

A. Concentric
B. Eccentric
C. Concentric
D. Eccentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T or F: Muscle Action: Line of Pull
A. Muscle distance from joint axis of rotation not a factor
B. Depends on muscle attachment, plane of joint motion
C. Maintains position during joint motion
D. Is the pull of a muscle from origin to insertion

A

A. False. Is a factor
B. True
C. False. May change during joint motion
D. True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F?
If the line of pull is altered from its optimal position due to muscle weakness or poor posture, the muscle will be inefficient, work harder, and have more strain put on it, potentially leading to muscle/joint injury.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fill in: Muscle Action: Angle of Pull
A. _______ with every degree of joint motion
B. ___ component = perp to lever; rotational movement
C. ___ component = parallel to lever; nonrotational mvmt
D. Angle between line of pull of the muscle and the _____ on which it inserts

A

A. Changes
B. Vertical
C. Horizontal
D. Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Angle of Pull: 30, 45, 90, or 120?
A. Dislocating component
B. Rotational and stabilizing forces near equal
C. 100% rotational
D. Rotational and stabilizing forces equal

A

A. 120*
B. 30*
C. 90*
D. 45*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reverse-action of concentric muscle contractions
If neither bone is stabilized, contraction pulls ____ towards ____. Usually one bone attachment is more stabilized and the _____ stabilized bone moves toward the ____ stabilized bone. Ex. biceps curl (_____ chain)

A

Both bones towards each other.
Less stabilized toward more stabilized
Open chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reverse-action of concentric muscle contractions
In some movements muscle action is reversed, as in _____ chain action. Ex. Chin up where radius (the least movable bone) is _____ and scapula _____.

A

Closed chain

Radius is stable, scapula moves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Muscle Function: Range of Motion or Power?
A. Depends on total number of muscle fibers
B. Depends upon length of muscle fibers
C. Associated with parallel and fusiform muscles
D. Associated with convergent, pennate muscles

A

A. Power
B. Range of Motion
C. Range of Motion
D. Power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Irritability, Contractility, Extensibility, or Elasticity?
A. Ability to return to original length after stretching
B. Ability to develop tension against resistance
C. Ability to be passively stretched beyond resting length
D. Sensitive/ responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli

A

A. Elasticity
B. Contractility
C. Extensibility
D. Irritability (also called excitability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: Muscle Function
A. >1 muscle may be involved in injury/dysfunction
B. A muscle causes a single action at one joint
C. Muscle-nerve relationships are one to one.
D. 2+ muscles may share a common tendon

A

A. True
B. False. Might relax over one joint/contract over another joint. Can have more than one action at the same joint.
C. False. Muscle can be innervated by >1 nerve. Nerves can innervated >1 muscle.
D. True

17
Q

Agonist, Antagonist, Synergist, or Stabilizer (fixator)?
A. Muscles than oppose or reverse action of prime mover
B. Acts to control movement of prime mover
C. Performs or assists same joint motion as agonist
D. Major responsibility for producing specific movement

A

A. Antagonist
B. Stabilizer
C. Synergist
D. Agonist

18
Q

Agonist, Antagonist, Synergist, or Stabilizer (fixator)?
A. Immobilize origin of prime mover; increase efficiency
B. Helps regulate action of prime mover (slow/stop)
C. Two or more muscles contracting in same direction
D. Often continuous low level isometric or eccentric pull

A

A. Stabilizer
B. Antagonist
C. Synergist
D. Stabilizer

19
Q

Lever, Fulcrum, Effort, or Load?
A. Force to move a resistance; tension/torque of muscle
B. Rigid bar the moves on fixed point; bones of skeleton
C. Fixed point of leverage; joints of body
D. Resistance to be moved; tissue mass and objects

A

A. Effort
B. Lever
C. Fulcrum
D. Load

20
Q

The function of a lever is to convert _____ into _____, that is turn the work of a contracting muscle into the force of a rotating bone.

A

Force into torque

21
Q

Mechanical Levers: Power lever or Speed lever?
A. Mechanical advantage
B. Effort applied far from fulcrum; load close to fulcrum
C. Mechanical disadvantage
D. Effort applied near the fulcrum; load far from fulcrum

A

A. Power
B. Power
C. Speed
D. Speed

22
Q

Mechanical Levers: Power lever or Speed lever?
A. Force exerted must be greater than the load removed
B. Small effort applied over relatively long distance
C. Can be used to move large load over small distance
D. Allow the load to move more rapidly through larger range of motion

A

A. Speed
B. Power
C. Power
D. Speed

23
Q

Mechanical Levers: First Second or Third Class?
A. Fulcrum lies between effort and load
B. Load lies between fulcrum and effort
C. Effort is applied at a point between load and fulcrum

A 
A. First class
B. Second class
C. Third class
24
Q

T or F?
A small difference in a muscle’s insertion site makes a small difference in the amount of force that must be generated to move a given load.

A

False. Can translate into large differences in amount of force…

25
Q

Mechanical Levers: First Second or Third Class?
A. Rare in body but have mechanical advantage
B. Great strength, less speed and range of motion
C. Great speed with mechanical disadvantage
D. Produce large fast movements with little effort

A 
A. Second class
B. Second class
C. Third class
D. Third class
26
Q

Mechanical Levers: First Second or Third Class?
A. Effort applied at end opposite load, w fulcrum in betwn
B. Effort applied at end opposite fulcrum, load in betwn
C. Most frequently found in body

A 
A. First class
B. Second class
C. Third class
27
Q

Mechanical Levers: First Second or Third Class?
A. Plantar flexion of foot
B. Extension at occipital-axial joint
C. Bicep curl

A 
A. Second class
B. First class
C. Third class

Biomechanics Spring 2014 Agresta (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions