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Biomechanics Spring 2014 Agresta > Lecture 1: Intro, Osteokinematics & Joints > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Intro, Osteokinematics & Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Correct structural integrity is what # in the therapeutic order?

A

4

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2
Q

NMT Tx: 1st order or 2nd order?
A. For micro/macrotrauma, repetitive stress
B. For structural problems from stress on internal systems
C. For postural syndromes, congenital conditions
D. Tx includes anipulation, therapeutic exercise, massage, surgery

A

A. 1st
B. 2nd
C. 1st
D. Both

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3
Q 
Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?
A. L3-5
B. T1-L2
C. CN III, VII, IX, X
D. S2-4
A

A. Neither
B. Sympathetic
C. Parasympathetic
D. Parasympathetic

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4
Q

Reflexes: Viscero-Viceral or Psycho-Somato-Visceral?
A. Mind influences body and vice versa
B. Local - influencing structure that generated impulses
C. Systemic - influencing other structures as a response to stimuli

A

A. P-S-V
B. V-V
C. V-V

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5
Q 
Kinesiology or Biomechanics?
A. Helps evaluate structure and function
B. Applies principles of physics to human motion
C. Study of motion or human movement
D. From greek root word "to move"
A

A. Both
B. Biomechanics
C. Kinesiology
D. Kinesiology

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6
Q

Kinematics: Arthro or Osteo?
A. Gross motion of joints in cardinal planes
B. Fine bone on bone motion within joints
C. Movement of the joint surface
D. Movement of the bone

A

A. Osteo
B. Arthro
C. Arthro
D. Osteo

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7
Q

What is the name of the branch of biomechanics that describes the movement of bones in joints without regard to the effects of muscle (force/torque)?

A

Kinematics

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8
Q

Kinematic motion: Translation or Rotation?
A. Linear motion; all parts move in same direction.
B. Body parts move in circular path around pivot point
C. Spinning around longitudinal axis
D. May be curvilinear or rectilinear

A

A. Translation
B. Rotation
C. Rotation
D. Translation

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9
Q

Kinematics: Active or Passive movement?
A. Movement caused by muscle action
B. Movement caused by external forces
C. Movement of body in translation or rotation

A

A. Active
B. Passive
C. Both

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10
Q

Planes of motion
A. Plane separates anterior-posterior
B. Plane separates superior-inferior
C. Plane separates right-left or medial-lateral

A

A. Frontal (coronal)
B. Transverse (axial)
C. Sagittal

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11
Q

Axes of Motion: X, Y, or Z axis?
A. Sagittal
B. Longitudinal (vertical)
C. Frontal (coronal)

A

A. Z axis
B. Y axis
C. X axis

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12
Q

Axes of Motion, X, Y or Z axis?
A. Flexion and extension
B. Abduction and adduction
C. Rotation

A

A. X axis = frontal
B. Z axis = sagittal
C. Y axis = longitudinal

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13
Q

T or F?

Axis of motion is an imaginary line parallel to the plane of motion and passing through the center of rotation.

A

False.

Perpendicular to plane of motion and passing through the center of rotation

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14
Q

Planes of motion, Sagittal, Transverse, or Frontal PLANE?
A. Flexion and extension
B. Rotation
C. Abduction and adduction

A

A. Sagittal plane
B. Transverse plane
C. Frontal plane

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15
Q

Axes of motion, Frontal, Sagittal, or Longitudinal AXIS?
A. Abduction and adduction
B. Flexion and extension
C. Rotation

A

A. Sagittal axis = Z
B. Frontal axis = X
C. Longitudinal = Y

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16
Q

Types of motion: Linear or Angular?
A. Motion increases/decreases angle between 2 bones
B. Gliding w/o angulation/rotation
C. Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
D. Metacarpal/tarsal joints, vertebral facet joints

A

A. angular
B. linear
C. angular
D. linear

17
Q

What is angular motion?

A

Circular motion without rotation

Combination of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction in sucession/coordination

18
Q

Kinematic chain: Open or Closed?
A. Distal segment fixed; proximal segment free to move
B. Example; kicking a ball
C. Example: doing a backbend
D. Distal segment of chain is not fixed; free to move

A

A. Closed
B. Open
C. Closed
D. Open

19
Q

What is a kinematic chain?

A

Series of articulated segments linked together (ie pelvis, thigh, leg, foot)

20
Q 
Joint classification: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, or Synovial?
A. Some are immovable
B. Generally freely movable
C. Generally immovable
D. Some slightly movable
A

A. Cartilaginous
B. Synovial
C. Fibrous
D. Cartilaginous

21
Q

Joint classification: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, or Synovial?
A. No joint cavity present
B. Bones joined by dense fibrous tissue
C. Bones connected by some form of cartilage
D. Bones separated by fluid-filled cavity & connected by ligaments of dense CT

A

A. Fibrous & Cartilaginous
B. Fibrous
C. Cartilaginous
D. Synovial

22
Q 
Joint classification: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, or Synovial?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A

A

23
Q

Fibrous Joints: Suture, Gomphosis, or Syndesmosis?
A. Peg and socket fibrous joint
B. Between bones of skull; joint filled with short CT fibers
C. Bones connected by ligament; cord or band of fibrous tissue
D. Between tibia and fibula

A

A. Gomphosis
B. Suture
C. Syndesmosis
D. Syndesmosis

24
Q

Cartilaginous joints: Synchondrosis or Symphysis?
A. Bones connected by hyaline cartilage
B. Articular surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage
C. Intervertebral joints
D. Synarthrodial

A

A. Synchondrosis
B. Symphysis
C. Symphysis
D. All Synchondrosis and some Symphysis

25
Q

Cartilaginous joints: Synchondrosis or Symphysis?
A. Cartilage fused to shock absorbing pad
B. Amphiarthrodal
C. Epiphyseal plate, costosternal joint
D. Joint cavity

A

A. Symphysis
B. Symphysis
C. Synchondrosis
D. Neither

26
Q

T or F: Synovial Joints
A. Synovial fluid is viscous
B. The only function of synovial fluid is to reduce friction
C. Bursae lined w/ synovial membrane reduce friction and wrap around around tendon to form tendon sheath
D. Some contain fat pads

A

A. True
B. False. Also nourishes cartilage
C. True.
D. True. Hip, knee

27
Q

T or F: Synovial Joints
A. Joint capsule = fibrous w/ inner synovial membrane
B. Fibrocartilage disc stabilizes & cushions from impact.
C. All synovial joints have fibrocartilage discs.
D. Most are synarthrodial, but some are diarthrodial

A

A. True
B. False. Functions = improve fit, stabilize & reduce wear
C. False. Knee, TMJ do
D. False. Most are diarthrodial, some are amphiarthrodial

28
Q

Joint Mobility: Syn-, Amphi-, or Diarthrodial?
A. Freely movable
B. Immovable
C. Slightly movable

A

A. Diarthrodial
B. Synarthrodial
C. Amphiarthrodial

29
Q

T or F: Factors in Synovial Joint Stability
A. Muscle tone to keep tendons taut
B. Tendons crossing a joint
C. Number and position of ligaments
D. Shape of articular surfaces; ie deep v. shallow ball in socket

A

All True

30
Q

Synovial Joint Types: Gliding, Hinge, or Pivot?
A. Convex surface fits into concave surface of other bone
B. Amphiarthrodial
C. Projection of bone 1 fits in ligamentous ring of bone 2
D. Articular surfaces are essentially flat

A

A. Hinge
B. Gliding
C. Pivot
D. Gliding

31
Q

Synovial Joint Types: Gliding, Hinge, or Pivot?
A. Motion around single axis parallel to long axis of bone
B. Motion around axis perpendicular to long axis of bone
C. Intercarpal, intertarsal joints & facet joints of vertebrae
D. Altantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint

A

A. Pivot
B. Hinge
C. Gliding
D. Pivot

32
Q

Synovial Joint Types: Condyloid, Saddle, or Ball&Socket?
A. Motion around 2 axes
B. Motion around 3 axes
C. Permits all angular motions
D. Permits flex/extension, ab/adduction, slight rotation, circumduction

A

A. Saddle, Condyloid
B. Ball and socket
C. Condyloid (ellipsoid)
D. Saddle, Ball and socket

33
Q

Synovial Joint Types: Condyloid, Saddle, or Ball&Socket?
A. Oval articular surface & oval depression
B. Radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal joints
C. Permits flex/extension, ab/adduction, slight rotation, circumduction, and diagonal movements
D. Found in 1 joint in body; differentiates us from primates

A

A. Condyloid (ellipsoid)
B. Condyloid (ellipsoid)
C. Ball and socket
D. Saddle joint (first carpometacarpal) in thumb; allows for opposable thumb

Biomechanics Spring 2014 Agresta (6 decks)

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