Lecture 1: Intro, Osteokinematics & Joints Flashcards
Correct structural integrity is what # in the therapeutic order?
4
NMT Tx: 1st order or 2nd order?
A. For micro/macrotrauma, repetitive stress
B. For structural problems from stress on internal systems
C. For postural syndromes, congenital conditions
D. Tx includes anipulation, therapeutic exercise, massage, surgery
A. 1st
B. 2nd
C. 1st
D. Both
Sympathetic or Parasympathetic? A. L3-5 B. T1-L2 C. CN III, VII, IX, X D. S2-4
A. Neither
B. Sympathetic
C. Parasympathetic
D. Parasympathetic
Reflexes: Viscero-Viceral or Psycho-Somato-Visceral?
A. Mind influences body and vice versa
B. Local - influencing structure that generated impulses
C. Systemic - influencing other structures as a response to stimuli
A. P-S-V
B. V-V
C. V-V
Kinesiology or Biomechanics? A. Helps evaluate structure and function B. Applies principles of physics to human motion C. Study of motion or human movement D. From greek root word "to move"
A. Both
B. Biomechanics
C. Kinesiology
D. Kinesiology
Kinematics: Arthro or Osteo?
A. Gross motion of joints in cardinal planes
B. Fine bone on bone motion within joints
C. Movement of the joint surface
D. Movement of the bone
A. Osteo
B. Arthro
C. Arthro
D. Osteo
What is the name of the branch of biomechanics that describes the movement of bones in joints without regard to the effects of muscle (force/torque)?
Kinematics
Kinematic motion: Translation or Rotation?
A. Linear motion; all parts move in same direction.
B. Body parts move in circular path around pivot point
C. Spinning around longitudinal axis
D. May be curvilinear or rectilinear
A. Translation
B. Rotation
C. Rotation
D. Translation
Kinematics: Active or Passive movement?
A. Movement caused by muscle action
B. Movement caused by external forces
C. Movement of body in translation or rotation
A. Active
B. Passive
C. Both
Planes of motion
A. Plane separates anterior-posterior
B. Plane separates superior-inferior
C. Plane separates right-left or medial-lateral
A. Frontal (coronal)
B. Transverse (axial)
C. Sagittal
Axes of Motion: X, Y, or Z axis?
A. Sagittal
B. Longitudinal (vertical)
C. Frontal (coronal)
A. Z axis
B. Y axis
C. X axis
Axes of Motion, X, Y or Z axis?
A. Flexion and extension
B. Abduction and adduction
C. Rotation
A. X axis = frontal
B. Z axis = sagittal
C. Y axis = longitudinal
T or F?
Axis of motion is an imaginary line parallel to the plane of motion and passing through the center of rotation.
False.
Perpendicular to plane of motion and passing through the center of rotation
Planes of motion, Sagittal, Transverse, or Frontal PLANE?
A. Flexion and extension
B. Rotation
C. Abduction and adduction
A. Sagittal plane
B. Transverse plane
C. Frontal plane
Axes of motion, Frontal, Sagittal, or Longitudinal AXIS?
A. Abduction and adduction
B. Flexion and extension
C. Rotation
A. Sagittal axis = Z
B. Frontal axis = X
C. Longitudinal = Y
Types of motion: Linear or Angular?
A. Motion increases/decreases angle between 2 bones
B. Gliding w/o angulation/rotation
C. Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
D. Metacarpal/tarsal joints, vertebral facet joints
A. angular
B. linear
C. angular
D. linear
What is angular motion?
Circular motion without rotation
Combination of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction in sucession/coordination
Kinematic chain: Open or Closed?
A. Distal segment fixed; proximal segment free to move
B. Example; kicking a ball
C. Example: doing a backbend
D. Distal segment of chain is not fixed; free to move
A. Closed
B. Open
C. Closed
D. Open
What is a kinematic chain?
Series of articulated segments linked together (ie pelvis, thigh, leg, foot)
Joint classification: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, or Synovial? A. Some are immovable B. Generally freely movable C. Generally immovable D. Some slightly movable
A. Cartilaginous
B. Synovial
C. Fibrous
D. Cartilaginous
Joint classification: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, or Synovial?
A. No joint cavity present
B. Bones joined by dense fibrous tissue
C. Bones connected by some form of cartilage
D. Bones separated by fluid-filled cavity & connected by ligaments of dense CT
A. Fibrous & Cartilaginous
B. Fibrous
C. Cartilaginous
D. Synovial
Joint classification: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, or Synovial? A. B. C. D.
A
Fibrous Joints: Suture, Gomphosis, or Syndesmosis?
A. Peg and socket fibrous joint
B. Between bones of skull; joint filled with short CT fibers
C. Bones connected by ligament; cord or band of fibrous tissue
D. Between tibia and fibula
A. Gomphosis
B. Suture
C. Syndesmosis
D. Syndesmosis
Cartilaginous joints: Synchondrosis or Symphysis?
A. Bones connected by hyaline cartilage
B. Articular surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage
C. Intervertebral joints
D. Synarthrodial
A. Synchondrosis
B. Symphysis
C. Symphysis
D. All Synchondrosis and some Symphysis
Cartilaginous joints: Synchondrosis or Symphysis?
A. Cartilage fused to shock absorbing pad
B. Amphiarthrodal
C. Epiphyseal plate, costosternal joint
D. Joint cavity
A. Symphysis
B. Symphysis
C. Synchondrosis
D. Neither
T or F: Synovial Joints
A. Synovial fluid is viscous
B. The only function of synovial fluid is to reduce friction
C. Bursae lined w/ synovial membrane reduce friction and wrap around around tendon to form tendon sheath
D. Some contain fat pads
A. True
B. False. Also nourishes cartilage
C. True.
D. True. Hip, knee
T or F: Synovial Joints
A. Joint capsule = fibrous w/ inner synovial membrane
B. Fibrocartilage disc stabilizes & cushions from impact.
C. All synovial joints have fibrocartilage discs.
D. Most are synarthrodial, but some are diarthrodial
A. True
B. False. Functions = improve fit, stabilize & reduce wear
C. False. Knee, TMJ do
D. False. Most are diarthrodial, some are amphiarthrodial
Joint Mobility: Syn-, Amphi-, or Diarthrodial?
A. Freely movable
B. Immovable
C. Slightly movable
A. Diarthrodial
B. Synarthrodial
C. Amphiarthrodial
T or F: Factors in Synovial Joint Stability
A. Muscle tone to keep tendons taut
B. Tendons crossing a joint
C. Number and position of ligaments
D. Shape of articular surfaces; ie deep v. shallow ball in socket
All True
Synovial Joint Types: Gliding, Hinge, or Pivot?
A. Convex surface fits into concave surface of other bone
B. Amphiarthrodial
C. Projection of bone 1 fits in ligamentous ring of bone 2
D. Articular surfaces are essentially flat
A. Hinge
B. Gliding
C. Pivot
D. Gliding
Synovial Joint Types: Gliding, Hinge, or Pivot?
A. Motion around single axis parallel to long axis of bone
B. Motion around axis perpendicular to long axis of bone
C. Intercarpal, intertarsal joints & facet joints of vertebrae
D. Altantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint
A. Pivot
B. Hinge
C. Gliding
D. Pivot
Synovial Joint Types: Condyloid, Saddle, or Ball&Socket?
A. Motion around 2 axes
B. Motion around 3 axes
C. Permits all angular motions
D. Permits flex/extension, ab/adduction, slight rotation, circumduction
A. Saddle, Condyloid
B. Ball and socket
C. Condyloid (ellipsoid)
D. Saddle, Ball and socket
Synovial Joint Types: Condyloid, Saddle, or Ball&Socket?
A. Oval articular surface & oval depression
B. Radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal joints
C. Permits flex/extension, ab/adduction, slight rotation, circumduction, and diagonal movements
D. Found in 1 joint in body; differentiates us from primates
A. Condyloid (ellipsoid)
B. Condyloid (ellipsoid)
C. Ball and socket
D. Saddle joint (first carpometacarpal) in thumb; allows for opposable thumb
