Lecture 2: Introduction to Physical Exam and Instruments

Question 1

When should you wear gloves?

Answer 1

Obvious Blood or body fluid

Patient presenting with diarrhea

Question 2

When should you wash your hands (related to gloves?)

Answer 2

Before and after wearing gloves

Question 3

What are the 5 steps of hand washing?

Answer 3

1. Wet: wet hands with clean water and apply soap
2. Lather: Rub hands together with soap
3. Scrub: Wash hands for at least 20 seconds
4. Rinse: Get rid of soap
5. Dry

Question 4

What are clinical scenarios in which you should wear clinical gloves?

Answer 4

Office/Clinic
Hospital 
ER 
Scene of Accident 
Sporting Event 
Restaurant 
Any other situation where skills are put to work

Question 5

When percussing different parts of the body, what type of sounds should you hear for fluid, solid, and air?

Answer 5

Fluid: dull sound
Solid: flat sound
Air: tympanic sound

Question 6

What are some things you inspect about general appearance?

Answer 6

Level of Consciousness
Signs of Distress
Skin abnormalities (lesions, bruises, cuts, etc)

Question 7

The bell of the stethoscope is used to hear what kind of sounds?

Answer 7

low pitched sounds (e.g. bruits)

Question 8

The diaphragm of the stethoscope is used to hear what kind of sounds?

Answer 8

High pitched

e.g. Breath sounds and heart tones

Question 9

When checking a child’s ear (>12 mo) with an otoscope, move the ear ___

Answer 9

Up and back

Question 10

When checking a child’s ear (<12 mo) with an otoscope, move the ear ___

Answer 10

Down and back

Question 11

The length of a blood pressure cuff’s bladder should be at least ____ of the upper arm

Answer 11

80% of the circumference

Question 12

The width of a blood pressure cuff’s bladder should be at least ____

Answer 12

40% the length of the upper arm

Question 13

The first knocking sound you hear when measuring blood pressure is the subject’s ______

Answer 13

Systolic pressure (Korotkoff sound)

Disappears at diastolic pressure

Question 14

When can you get a falsely high BP?

Answer 14

1. If cuff is too small
2. If cuff is too large on a large arm
3. Brachial artery is below heart

Question 15

When can you get a falsely low BP?

Answer 15

1. If cuff is too large on small arm

2. Brachial artery is above heart

Question 16

What are locations to measure pulse?

Answer 16

Radial A.
Dorsalis pedis A. 
Carotid A. 
Brachial A. 
Abdominal aorta 
Femoral A. 
Popliteal A.`

Question 17

What are the 4 techniques of examination?

Answer 17

Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation

Question 18

Goals of an osteopathic structural exam

Answer 18

Integrates information about the musculoskeletal system even when dealing with non-musculoskeletal complaints

The body is a unit and possesses self regulatory mechanisms and structure and fxn are reciprocally interrelated

Rational therapy is based upon an understanding of body unity, self-regulatory mechanism and inter-relationship of structure and function

Question 19

The opthalmascope is an example of a ____ instrument

Answer 19

Fundoscopic