Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Module > Lecture 2 - How Do Lungs Work > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - How Do Lungs Work Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average perfusion at rest?

A

5 litres per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the perfect gas exchange?

A

When blood flow matches the ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is mixed venous blood?

A

Low levels of oxygen but high levels of co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a VQ scan?

A

Ventialition perfusion scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe “Not pure atmosphere”

A

It’s between the air that is left in the alveoli and in the atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the ideal ratio for real life gas exchange?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is ventilation even or uneven in real life gas exchange?

A

Uneven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is perfusion even or uneven in real life gas exchange?

A

Uneven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to ventilation and perfusion in lung disease?

A

Unevenness increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much blood is at the top of the lungs compared to the bottom?

A

There is less blood at the top then at the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is pathology homogenous?

A

No it’s patchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does disease look like in abnormal lungs?

A

Looks really patchy, some areas of the lungs will have the disease and some areas wont

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the consequences of gravity?

A

Ventilation perfusion ratio will change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is reverse barotrauma?

A

When high pressure goes back into your lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens as the alveoli gets bigger?

A

The stretchability changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define compliance

A

The more compliance something is the easier it is to expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe larger alveoli in terms of lung compliance

A

Larger alveoli has elastin properties and so are harder to expand, they also tend to be stiffer and expand a bit less during breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the relationship between lung volume and recoil pressure?

A

Curved linear relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s the difference between the upper parts of the lungs and the lower parts of the lung in regards to ventilation?

A

Upper parts of the lung aren’t as well ventilated as the lower parts of the lungs

20
Q

What is the oxygen dissociation curve?

A

An integrated system that involves the circulation and the components of blood

21
Q

What does haemoglobin do in the blood?

A

Takes up oxygen and remains well saturated even at a very low oxygen tension

22
Q

What units is oxygen tension measured in?

A

Kpa

23
Q

What units is oxygen content measured in?

A

MmHg

24
Q

What does the blood system help?

A

Compensate for small inequalities for ventilation and perfusion

25
Q

What happens to respiratory when in hypoventilation?

A

Respiratory rate has decreased

26
Q

What happens if you have problems with diffusion of alveoli?

A

End up with lower levels of oxygen in the blood

27
Q

What is ventilation - perfusion mismatching?

A

The optimal ratio of 1 becomes out of sink and therefore you are no longer taking up the maximum amount of oxygen

28
Q

What happens if a component in ventialition or circulation goes wrong?

A

The relationship of VQ becomes dysregulated and can lead to hypoxemia

29
Q

What is normalcy?

A

Arterial blood oxygen becomes matched with the level of the oxygen within the alveoli

30
Q

Describe perfect gas exchange

A

An airway open to the outside atmosphere,
Oxygen comes down into the alveolus and there is mixed venous blood bathing the alveoli,
Allows oxygen to diffuse into the oxygenated blood,
CO2 diffuses out of the blood and is removed from the alveoli through mechanisms

31
Q

Describe reduced ventilation

A

Means that is no longer the normalicy - not enough oxygen getting bound to the alveoli and oxygen will decrease

32
Q

What happens to the blood due to hypoventilation?

A

Gradual build up of co2 in the blood

33
Q

What happens if the membrane becomes thickened?

A

It increases the distance for gases to travel and as a result oxygen is not getting into the blood where it is needed

34
Q

What does thickening do?

A

Decreases the amount of diffusion and decreases oxygen

35
Q

What is hypoxemia due to?

A

Due to hyperventilation perfusion mismatch

36
Q

What can broncheoscatsis cause?

A

Narrowing of the airways

37
Q

What is flow proportional to?

A

The radius of the tubes to the power of 4

38
Q

What does change in blood gases mean?

A

Changes in flow proximity

39
Q

What is a common disease due to hypoventilation?

A

Neuromuscular disease

40
Q

What are examples of alveolar hypoventilation?

A

COPD and severe asthma

41
Q

What is the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) also known as?

A

CO transfer factor (TLCO)

42
Q

What are some factors affecting DLCO?

A

Distribution of inspired gas, thickness of alveolar capillary membrane, function of pulmonary capillaries and haemoglobin contraction

43
Q

What is the transit factor of someone who has a one lung transplant and someone who has a two lung transplant?

A

It’s higher in two lung transport than one

44
Q

What is KCO?

A

The rate of uptake of CO per litre of effective alveolar volume

45
Q

DLCO =

A

KCO x Va

46
Q

What does reporting both DLCO and KCO improve?

A

Specificity

47
Q

What is an example of DLCO reducing?

A

After removal of lung tissue

Respiratory Module (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions