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Respiratory Module > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a key organism for homeostasis?

A

Lungs

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2
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

A

Cellular and breathing

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3
Q

What are the two aspects of external respiration?

A

Respiration for life and for speech

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4
Q

Why is coordination of speech important in respiration?

A

So that food doesn’t enter the trachea when you are breathing - there is a mechanisms that helps with this

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5
Q

What are some organs in the upper respiratory system?

A

Pharynx, vocal cords, nasal cavity, tongue, larynx and oesophagus

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6
Q

What could happen if the food goes down the wrong tube?

A

It can cause pneumonia and different types of pathology

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7
Q

Define aspiration

A

Entry of the food into the lungs

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8
Q

What is the air like in the upper respiratory system?

A

Warmed, humidified and filtered

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9
Q

When is diffusion of gas more efficient?

A

As a saturated water phase

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10
Q

What type of air flow is in the nose?

A

Turbulent air flow and also mucus production

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11
Q

What does mucus do in the nose?

A

Traps virus particles

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12
Q

What is the main system of airways called

A

Branching airways

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13
Q

What are the components involved in the branching airways?

A

Trachea, bronchi, 2nd bronchi, bronchiole and alveoli

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14
Q

What is the diameter of the trachea?

A

20mm

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15
Q

What is the diameter of the alveoli?

A

0.3mm

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16
Q

How many divisions are there between the trachea and alveoli?

A

24 divisions

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17
Q

What is a type of airway epithelial cells?

A

Pseudo columnar epithelial cells

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18
Q

What are found within the cilia?

A

Motor units

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19
Q

What do the motor units do?

A

Repel mucus away from the lungs

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20
Q

What happens when you inhale viruses?

A

Impacted into mucus and can get destroyed by chemicals produced by the epithelial

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21
Q

On an electromicrograph what are the dots between the cilia?

A

Viruses

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22
Q

What do globes cells not do in sars Cov2?

A

They don’t support the growth of a sars cov2

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23
Q

What is the interferon response?

A

A way of killing the viruses

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24
Q

As you get down the sites of gas exchange what decreases?

A

Diameter

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25
Q

What is the main component for gas exchange?

A

The alveoli

26
Q

What are capillary beds fused with?

A

The alveoli

27
Q

What is good about the short distance between the alveoli and the circulation?

A

Sets up efficient diffusion for gases

28
Q

Where are elastin fibres found?

A

They surround the alveoli

29
Q

What do elastin fibres do?

A

Recoil pressure - they are stretched and then go back to its original form

30
Q

What do collagens do?

A

Stiffer, but light and has a small amount of gas exchange

31
Q

What are the two types of alveoli cells?

A

Type 1 and type 2

32
Q

Describe type 1

A

Very thin and enable gases to diffuse through

33
Q

Describe type 2

A

They are smaller than type 1 but are thicker and release surfactant

34
Q

What do type 2 alveoli release?

A

A phospholipid chemical that decreases surface tension

35
Q

What is a exosurf?

A

A protein mediated surfactant

36
Q

How much of the surface do capillaries cover?

A

80-90%

37
Q

What is fitted between elastins?

A

Connective tissue

38
Q

What does connective tissue do?

A

Allows lungs to recoil when stretched

39
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A

Enlargement of the airways

40
Q

How can bronchiectasis happen?

A

Chronic superlative (infection) spoils the anatomy of the lungs

41
Q

How is a diagnosis of bronchiectasis formed?

A

On a CT scan

42
Q

What is an example of airway obstruction?

A

Bronchiectasis

43
Q

What law is stated for how air get into the lungs?

A

Boyles law

44
Q

Increases volume = ? (Boyles law)

A

Pressure decreases

45
Q

Decrease volume = (Boyles law)?

A

Pressure increases

46
Q

What happens when lungs expand?

A

Volume increases and pressure decreases

47
Q

When does atmospheric pressure decrease?

A

When lungs expand

48
Q

What does expiration occur?

A

When the pressure in the lungs exceeds atmospheric pressure and the air flows out

49
Q

What type of process is expiration?

A

Passive

50
Q

What is the sealed unit that surrounds the lungs?

A

Pleural sac

51
Q

How are alterations of pressure mediated?

A

By the diaphragm

52
Q

What is the only muscle that works when you are sleeping?

A

The diaphragm

53
Q

What is sometimes recruited in expiration?

A

Abdominal muscles and intercostal muscles

54
Q

What is diaphragmatic paralysis?

A

When the diaphragm cannot compensate for the thoracic volume

55
Q

What is FEV1?

A

Force expected volume in 1 second

56
Q

What happens to the FEV1 when you have lung disease?

A

Reduces

57
Q

What is MVV?

A

Maximum voluntary ventilation

58
Q

What is FVC?

A

Forced vital capacity

59
Q

What does the drug ivacaftor do?

A

Increases FEV1 but also decreases the GI symptoms

60
Q

What does triple therapy do?

A

Increases FEV1 but also decreases the GI symptoms

Respiratory Module (10 decks)

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