LECTURE 2 GENETICS AND MACROMOLECULES Flashcards
1
Q
GENE
A
sequence of DNA that codes for a product
2
Q
Genome
A
complete set of DNA for an organism
3
Q
Exome
A
sequence of protein-coding genes
4
Q
Genomics
A
comparison and analysis of genomes
5
Q
Mutation
A
hange in DNA sequence
6
Q
DNA is a…
A
...double helix •The backbones go in opposite directions •The bases have specific pairs •A with T •C with G
7
Q
TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES
A
- Nucleic acids
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
8
Q
NUCLEIC ACID
DNA
(4 ASPECTS)
A
- Double helix (antiparallel)
- A,T,C,G
- In nucleus (and mitochondria)
- Stores genetic information
9
Q
Mixed Molecules
A
- Lipoproteins
- Glycoproteins
- Glycolipids
- Proteoglycans
10
Q
NUCLEIC ACID
RNA (4 ASPECTS)
A
- Single stranded
- A,U,G,C
- Made in nucleus, moves to cytoplasm
- Translates genetic information so it can be made into proteins
11
Q
Carbohydrates: sugars and starches
A
- Fuel
- Make ATP
- Store energy as glycogen
- Structure
- Cell recognition
- Backbone of DNA and RNA
12
Q
Lipids: fats and oils
A
- Fuel
- Structure
- Signaling between cells
13
Q
Proteins (6 ASPECTS)
A
- Common structure of the 20 amino acids
- String amino acids together to make proteins •Structure
- Enzymes
- Transport
- Hormones
- Receptors
14
Q
The “Central Dogma” of Biology
A
Information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins
15
Q
How do Proteins specifically fold?
A
- Primary Structure
- Secondary Structure
- Tertiary Structure
- Quaternary Structure
