Immune System - OpenStax Chapter 42

Question 1

Read first 64 pages Mean Genes

Answer 1

…Progress…

Question 2

Human immune system many parts

Answer 2

• Physical Barriers - Innate immune system - Adaptive immune system

Question 3

2 trillion cells

Answer 3

Non-self molecules include those from; -bacteria INCOMPLETE

Question 4

Physical and chemical barriers

Answer 4

• Unbroken skin - mucus membranes - earwax - cilia (pushing stuff out of respiratory tract) - stomach acid

Question 5

cells of the immune system

Answer 5

————stem cell—————– INCOMPLETE

Question 6

innate immune system

Answer 6

inflamation INCOMPLETE

Question 7

Inflammation makes the area inhospitable

Answer 7

attracts macrophages (wbc) to engulf bacteria plasma accumulates (swelling)to dilute toxins increased blood flow increases temperatures (redness)

Question 8

complement and cytokines are

Answer 8

proteins secreted by immune sytem cells

Question 9

complement and cytokines are

Answer 9

proteins secreted by immune sytem cells

Question 10

Complement proteins

Answer 10

plasma proteins that attract phagocytes and destroy bacterial plasma membranes, trigger mast cells to degranulate

Question 11

cytokines proteins

Answer 11

interferons: alert other components of immune system to viral infections interlukins - cause fever and decrease iron in blood, invigorate phagocytes

Question 12

Innate vs Adaptive immune system

Answer 12

…

Question 13

adaptive immune system is diverse, specific and remembers

Answer 13

* Needs to be stimulated - Antigens - Cytokines - Primary immune response - needs to learn an antigen - Secondary immune response - faster response (memory cells)

Question 14

antibodies are part of the adaptive immune response

Answer 14

Macropage (cell) presents antigen (target) to activate T cell INCOMPLETE

Question 15

Summary of immune system

Answer 15

…

Question 16

Types of antibodies

Answer 16

• Immune system makes polyclonal antibodies… INCOMPLETE

Question 17

Antibody

Answer 17

photomada…

Question 18

how can your genes make antibodies that recognize almost any antigen?

Answer 18

antibody genes regions V ariable D iversity J oining C onstant photo

Question 19

The thymus weeds out antibodies that recognize self antigens (targets)

Answer 19

• Immature T cells enter the thymus - If they recognize a “self”… INCOMPLETE

Question 20

Vaccines have been around for a long time

Answer 20

• China, 11 century, used powdered smallpox scabs - Observed by British in 1796 - Edward Jenner modified it - used cowpox instead of smallpox - Smallpox eradicated from the wild in 1977

Question 21

Vaccines activate the adaptive immune system

Answer 21

• inactive or weakened pathogen * pathogen is the organism that makes you sick - Stimulates the primary immune response * B cells start making antibodies and memory cells If infected later, will stimulate secondary immune response * memory cells… INCOMPLETE

Question 22

Why does my choice matter to others?

Answer 22

“When most of the population is immunized spread of the disease is constrained”

Question 23

why do you need a flu shot each year?

Answer 23

* Capsid - protein shell * Lipid envelope - remains of plasma membrane of cell that made the virus * Hemagglutinin - “Key” that binds receptor on cell - 17 kinds known * Neuraminidase - Enzyme (cuts virus away from receptor of infected cell) - 9 kinds known * Name flue strain by proteins, i.e. H1N5 - Always many varieties of flu circulating

Question 24

Influenza is:

Answer 24

an RNA virus