lecture 2 fr

Question 1

what interactions are very strong

Answer 1

coulomb (ion ion) interactions are very strong and get stronger as distance decreases

Question 2

opposite charges

Answer 2

attract

Question 3

what is a non uniform shell structure

Answer 3

ion charges alternate
+-+-+-

Question 4

what is an ionic cloud

Answer 4

spherical haze of charge around an ion

Question 5

what happens with ions of opposite charge

Answer 5

they form shells as they get closer to eachother

+ surrounded by - shell

• surrounded by + shell

they also overlap

Question 6

what decreases overall energy

Answer 6

relaxation due to the clouds

Question 7

difference between Gm and Gm ideal

Answer 7

+ RT ln(y+ y-)

Question 8

what does shell size depend on

Answer 8

the concentration of ions

Question 9

shell length

Answer 9

debye length

Question 10

what does the debye limiting law do

Answer 10

helps us find Y+-

mean activity coefficient

Question 11

what is y+-

Answer 11

mean activity coefficient
used for dilute solutions

Question 12

what does the mean activity coefficient depend on

Answer 12

• ion charge (Z)
• ionic strength (I)

Question 13

the closer the mean activity coefficient gets to 0,, what happens

Answer 13

the further away it gets from ideality

higher conc and higher ion charge = less ideality

Question 14

equation to find mean activity coefficient y+-

Answer 14

y+- = - A | Z- Z+ | I^1/2

Question 15

what is Z+ and Z-

Answer 15

the charge number!!
for each ion
u multiply them together

Question 16

how do u find I,, ionic strength

Answer 16

I = 1/2 x { Z^2 x bB / b•

for some reason u kinda ignore b• tho lol,, u square the charge number

Question 17

when is the extended debye huckel equation used

Answer 17

when ionic strength is higher than the expected ranges of linearity

Question 18

what is plotted on the graph

Answer 18

mean activity coefficient ‘y’
against molality.

steeper negative line = due to higher conc or higher charge = loses ideality at a faster rate