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KLowe Chemistry And Physics Larmon > Lecture 2: Fluids > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Fluids Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a fluid?

A

A material that has the ability to flow

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2
Q

Does a fluid have to be a liquid?

A

No, both liquids and gases are considered fluids

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3
Q

What causes fluids to flow?

A

Basic forces like gravity or pressure

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4
Q

Fluids and containers

A

Fluids assume the shape of their containers, unlike solids, which retain their shape

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5
Q

What is hydrostatics?

A

The study of fluids that are NOT moving

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6
Q

What are two important properties of hydrostatics?

A

Density and pressure

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7
Q

What is hydrodynamics

A

The study of fluids in motion

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8
Q

Pressure =

A

Force/area

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9
Q

How do you increase pressure?

A

Increase force or decrease area

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10
Q

How do you decrease pressure?

A

Decrease force or increase area

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11
Q

At the same depth in a fluid, fluid exerts ___ pressure in all directions

A

The same

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12
Q

What is Pascal’s principle?

A

The pressure applied to a confined fluid increases the pressure throughout the fluid by the same amount

Example: If you increase the pressure on a contained fluid by 5 psi, the pressure everywhere in the fluid goes up by 5 psi

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13
Q

If you’re applying a pressure of 3 psi on the plunger of a syringe with a plugged needle, how does the pressure in the barrel compare to the pressure in the needle?

A

Pressure is equal throughout (Pascal’s principle)

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14
Q

What is Archimedes Principle?

A

An object immersed either totally or partially in a fluid feels a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

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15
Q

If the density of an object is greater than the density of the fluid, then the object will ___

A

Sink

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16
Q

If the density of the object is less than the density of the fluid, then the object will ___

A

Float

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17
Q

If the object sinks, the buoyant force is ___

A

LESS than the true weight of the object

18
Q

If the object floats, the buoyant force is ___

A

GREATER than the true weight of the object

19
Q

What is a hydrometer?

A

A device used to measure the specific gravity of liquids

20
Q

What are two types of flow?

A
  • Laminar

- Turbulent

21
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

Unchanging flow pattern, smooth and orderly

22
Q

What is turbulent flow?

A

Continuously varying pattern of flow, abruptly changing and chaotic

23
Q

In anesthesia, we strive for…

A

LAMINAR flow

24
Q

What is flow rate?

A

The volume of fluid passing a particular point per unit time (i.e.: 3L/min)

25
Q

Narrowing causes speed to…

A

Increase tremendously

26
Q

Narrowing causes flow rate to…

A

Remain the same

27
Q

Fluid flows at a ___ speed through the narrow part of the tube

A

Greater

28
Q

What is Bernoulli’s Principle?

A

As the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases

29
Q

What was discovered by the Venturi tube flowmeter?

A

The pressure is lower in the narrow part of the tube; basis of a nebulizer treatment

30
Q

What is viscosity?

A

A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

31
Q

Fluids with high viscosity flow…

A

Do not flow very readily (i.e.: honey)

32
Q

Fluids with low viscosity flow…

A

Flow more easily (i.e.: water)

33
Q

The closer a molecule is to a wall…the ___ it moves

A

Slower

34
Q

What is Poiseuille’s Law?

A

The laminar flow rate of an incompressible fluid is proportional to the fourth power of the radius of the tube it is flowing through

35
Q

Poiseuille’s equation applies to…

A

Laminar flow only

36
Q

What are 3 factors that flow type depends upon?

A
  • Speed
  • Density
  • Viscosity
37
Q

What are 3 possible ways to increase the fluid flow rate through a catheter or needle (according to Poiseuille’s Law)?

A
  1. Raise IV bag height or add a pressure bag to IV bag
  2. Use a larger gauge IV catheter
  3. Use a shorter length catheter
38
Q

What is Reynold’s number?

A

Reynold’s number is a dimensionless quantity that is used to characterize fluid flow; it is the measure of the tendency for turbulence to occur

39
Q

When Reynold’s number rises above 2000, what happens?

A

Turbulence will usually occur, even in a straight, smooth vessel

40
Q

Reynold’s number is proportional to what 3 quantities?

A
  • Density
  • Velocity
  • Tube diameter
41
Q

Reynold’s number is inversely proportional to…?

A

Viscosity

KLowe Chemistry And Physics Larmon (11 decks)

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