Lecture 2 - Diversity Of Life Flashcards
What are the characteristics of life?
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Cellular organisation Reproduction Metabolism Homeostasis Heredity Response to stimuli Growth and development Adaption through evolution
Requirements for natural selection
Variation
Inheritance
Selection
Time
What is a phylogenetic tree?
A family tree of organisms that shows characteristics shared between them
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
What is symbiosis?
Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.
What is endosymbiosis
A symbiotic relationship where an organism lives inside of another.
What does the endosymbiosis theory states?
The Endo symbiosis theory states that two key organelles in eukaryotes ate derived from bacteria.
- and ancestral prokaryote was absorbed by a eukaryote ancestor and the bacteria were tamed.
How were mitochondria and chloroplasts formed?
An aerobic bacteria that was good at breaking down sugars was engulfed by another cell and was then used in the host cell.
In photosynthetic eukaryotes this happened twice (mitochondrion and photosynthetic bacterium)
Compare prokaryote to eukaryote
Eukaryote: bigger, have nucleus, nuclear membrane and organelles
Prokaryote: smaller, thicker membranes, no nucleus
What domain/s have a nuclear envelope?
Eukarya
What domain/s have membrane-enclosed organelles
Eukarya
What domain/s have peptidoglycan in cell wall?
Bacteria
What domain/s have a circular chromosome?
Bacteria
Archaea
What domain/s have growth at >100 degrees
Archaea - in some species
