Lecture 13 - Eukaryotic Cell Division - Mitosis Flashcards
Name the acellular RNA organism and how it stores genetic information?
Viruses
Double stranded or single stranded DNA or RNA
Name the prokaryotic organism and how it stores genetic information
Bacteria
Circular, single copy, naked double stranded DNA
Name the eukaryotic organisms and how they store genetic information
Protists, fungi, plants and animals
Linear, >single copy, histonebound DNA; sexual cycle
What is a Karyotype?
An ordered, visual representation of the chromosomes in a cell
How do you make a karyotype?
1) take blood sample
2) treat cells with mitogen (to get cells to divide and stop)
3) Colchine
4) Stain
What do multicellular organisms depend on cell division for?
Development from a fertilised cell
Growth to adult
Repair
What is a locus?
Location where you will find a particular gene
What is a gene?
A length of DNA
What is an allele?
Different versions of a gene
What are the two phases in the cell cycle?
Interphase (spends most time)
Mitotic phase
What happens in interphase?
G1 phase: cell growing
S phase: DNA synthesis (replication of DNA)
G2 phase: doubled amount of DNA
What are the 5 phases of mitosis?
Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
What does mitosis do?
Produce 2 genetically identical daughter cells
What happens in prophase?
Chromosomes become visible as chromatins condenses.
Each chromosome consists of pair of sister chromatids that are connected at a centromere.
Centrosome splits creating an early mitotic spindle (microtubules) in between
What happens in prometaphase?
The nuclear envelope dissolves.
Centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell
The kinetochore on chromosomes attach to kinetochore microtubules.
