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MEDS 580 > Lecture 2 - Classifying Teams, Smallpox > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Classifying Teams, Smallpox Flashcards

1
Q

Why is classification used for teams?

A

To better understand the function and needs of different types of teams

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2
Q

What are the two classifications of teams?

A
  • Management Teams

- Clinical Teams

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3
Q

Define Clinical Teams

A

Clinical team refers to any team that provide clinical care directly through interaction with patients

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of classification of clinical teams

A

– True Teams
– Template Teams
– Knotwork Teams
– Network Teams

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5
Q

Defining Characteristics of a Work Team (7)

A
  • Shared team goal
  • Shared responsibility for achieving said goal
  • Defined membership
  • Authority for taking action to achieve the goal
  • Interdependency of team members
  • Absence of larger sub-groups
  • Accountability to a larger organization
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6
Q

Define:

True Team

A
  • Technical term for a team that has all of the 7 defining characteristics of the team PLUS STABILITY OF MEMBERSHIP overtime
  • Clear leaders
  • Provider clinical care over extended periods of time of for repeated time limited episodes
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7
Q

Strengths:

True team

A
  • Potential for strong commitment to shared purpose
  • Members’ mutual knowledge of each other as team members
  • Potential for high levels of trust
  • Higher likelihood of mutual accountability
  • Strong identification by members of the team
  • High levels of interdependence
  • Opportunities to fit roles to individuals’ interest and skills
  • Lower error rates
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8
Q

Weakness/Potential Pitfalls:

True Team

A
  • Effective leadership needed; not all teams may have this
  • Decisions must be made in such a fashion as to secure agreement amongst team members
  • Those who do not agree with an important decision may feel isolated
  • Must be able to resolve intrapersonal conflict
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9
Q

Define:

Template Team

A
  • Have the 7 characteristics and a clear leader.
  • They DO NOT have stable membership
  • Typically provide time limited episodes of healthcare – Think code teams, OB teams
  • Changing membership defines template teams
  • Every time the team provides clinical care, the roles and procedural routines remain stable/the same
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10
Q

Strengths:

Template Team

A
  • Potential for reliable processes and outcomes
  • Capacity for swift trust
  • Rapid responsiveness to the needs of the patients whom they serve
  • Resistance to deterioration of performance due to changes in personnel
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11
Q

Weakness/Potential Pitfalls:

Template Team

A
  • Poor Leadership is a risk (Leader will deal with short-term issues as the team is not always assembled in the same fashion)
  • Unclear role definitions (If someone is not entirely sure what their role is, the quality of the performed task will suffer)
  • Inadequate Training (In order to perform tasks, training must be substantial and reliable)
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12
Q

Define:

Knotworks

A
  • Teams that come together temporarily in order to care for a patient; these teams have no clear leader or stable membership
  • Provide care for a specific need (Think of physicians working together temporarily together like in a knot)
  • DO NOT have the 7 criteria of a true team
  • They lack clear leaders and do not have stable membership
  • Characteristics it has: shared goal, shared responsibility, authority for taking action, and interdependency of members
  • Characteristics it lacks: it has the presence of independent subgroups, not accountable to anyone outside of the knotwork, no defined membership
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13
Q

Strengths:

Knotwork

A
  • Flexibility of membership

- Rapid responsiveness to patient and family needs

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14
Q

Weakness:

Knotwork

A
  • Poor leadership, often compromised because it is shared
  • Lack of agreement on leadership and other roles
  • Absence of common expectations for communication
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15
Q

Define:

Networks

A

• Defined as “complexes of links between individuals and organizations, driven largely by the interests of the parties and their recognition of the value of working together”
– Provide information to other physicians to aid patient care

  • A looser grouping than those of knotworks
  • Have no characteristics of work teams (the 7 characteristics)
  • They show cooperation and shared interests
  • No defined leaders, membership, or responsibility
  • Meet together to further individual goals, which will ultimately help patient care
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16
Q

Which Clinical teams have:

All 7 Characteristics of Work Teams

A
  1. True Team

2. Template Team

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17
Q

Which Clinical teams have:

Stable Membership

A
  1. True Team
18
Q

Which Clinical teams have:

Clear Leadership

A
  1. True Team

2. Template Team

19
Q

Which Clinical teams have:

Shared Responsibility

A
  1. True Team
  2. Template Team
  3. Knotwork
20
Q

What are some public health milestone of the 20th century?

A
  • Immunizations
  • Control of Infectious Diseases
  • Fluoridation of drinking water
  • Motor vehicle safety
  • Tabacco Control
  • Preventing Birth Defects
21
Q

In the last century, these interventions have led to the addition of ____ years to the lifespan of the average adult in the USA

A

30 years

22 years in other parts

22
Q

When was the first attempt to protect against smallpox?

A

China in 6th century

23
Q

Define:

Variolation

A

inoculation of matter taken from smallpox pustules through a scratch in an arm or vein

(Goal get small infection and recover with immunity)

24
Q

Poxvirus

A

– Largest type of virus, almost visible with light microscopy

– Includes variola (smallpox), molluscum contagiosum, cowpox, monkey pox

• Many poxviruses are only present in animals
– These share common antigenic components with small pox which allow for the
production of a vaccine

25
Q

T/F

Smallpox virus is only found in humans

A

True

only found in humans

26
Q

How is smallpox spread

A

Spread mainly by viral shedding -> coughing, sneezing

27
Q

What happens after inhalation of smallpox

A
  1. Reproduces in respiratory tract
  2. Disseminates through blood (viremia) and lymphatic to replicate
    - Spread to organs and skin
28
Q

What is the incubation period of smallpox?

A

Roughly 12 days

Infected but symptom free

29
Q

What happens after the incubation period and symptoms such as high fever, backache start…

A
  • Characteristic red rash (red spots) that starts in the mouth (these break open and spread virus.. contagious here)
  • Rash appears on skin and spreads to all parts of the body within 24 hours
  • Day 3 rash becomes raised bumps
    Day 4 - Bumps have thick fluid and a depressed center
  • Bumpts become raised pustules with white cloudy liquid –> pustules scab –> scabs fall off leaving pitted scars –> PERSON IS CONTAGIOUS UNTIL ALL SCABS FALL OFF
30
Q

Smallpox vs. Chickenpox:

Fever onset

A

Smallpox: 2-4 days before rash
Chickenpox: At time of rash

31
Q

Smallpox vs. Chickenpox:

Rash Apperance

A

Smallpox: Pocks at same stage
Chickenpox: Several stages

32
Q

Smallpox vs. Chickenpox:

Development

A

Smallpox: Slow
Chickenpox: Rapid

33
Q

Smallpox vs. Chickenpox:

Distribution

A

Smallpox: More on arms & legs
Chickenpox: More on body

34
Q

Smallpox vs. Chickenpox:

On palms & Soles

A

Smallpox: Usually present
Chickenpox: Usually absent

35
Q

Smallpox vs. Chickenpox:

Death

A

Smallpox: More than 10%
Chickenpox: Very uncommon

36
Q

People with smallpox are at an extreme risk of death in ____________ form

A

Hemorrhagic

37
Q

The clinical definition of smallpox:

A
  • is an illness with acute onset of fever equal to or greater than 38.3 °C (101 °F) - followed by a rash characterized by firm, deep seated vesicles or pustules in the same stage of development without other apparent cause
38
Q

Smallpox eradication time line

A

1959 - WHO declares mission
1971 - Western hemisphere free
1977 - last endemic case recorded in Somalia
1980 - Eradication declared

39
Q

Four unique factors regarding smallpox eradication:

A

– Human beings were the only known reservoir for the virus

– No asymptomatic carrier state existed

– An effective vaccine was available

– Vaccination of contacts resulted in prevention or modification of disease

40
Q

Strategies used for smallpox eradication

A
  • Direct vaccination
  • Actively seeking cases
  • Quaranine
  • Increased efficiency of delivery
  • Specialized vehicles to reach off road areas
41
Q

Smallpox Eradication
Breaking down the 7 characteristics

  • Team Goal:
  • Shared Responsibility
  • Defined Membership
  • Authority for taking action:
  • Interdependency of members
  • Absence of subgroup
  • Accountability to larger organization
A

– Team Goal: Provide the means and plans to eradicate smallpox
– Shared Responsibility: SEU was primary organization and composed of these 10 people
– Defined Membership: members specifically appointed to group
– Authority for taking action: WHO responded to requests from group
– Interdependency of Members: would travel to different areas and respond to reports
– Absence of Subgroup: no additional staff was hired for the most part
– Accountability to larger organization: to the WHO

MEDS 580 (9 decks)

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