Lecture 2 Chemistry Review Flashcards
Mass is defined as
Defined as anything that has mass and occupies space
All matter is comprised of ______
Atoms
Difference between mass number and atomic number?
Mass is the number of protons and neutrons. The atomic mass is the AVERAGE of each isotope of natural occurring.
How do you find the average mass of two isotopes
Add both mass/ 2
What is it called in the periodic table going accross (h –> he
Period
What is it called in the periodic table going Down ?
Groups
Define ion
a molecure with a NET ELECTRICAL CHARGE
What is a cation
Positively charged ions
What is anion
Negatively Charged ions
How are ions formed
By losing or gaining an electron
Metals are on the ____side of the periodic table and tend to form ______; Nonmetals are on the _____ and tend to form _________
left; cations – right; anions
For ________(trans/non/metals) they tend to form
Multiple ions of different charges.
What a hydrate? reversible yes or no?
Compound that absorbs Water in its crystallize form; Reversible.
Difference between ionic and molecule
ionic (combination of metal and non-metals)
non-ionic (Nonmetals only)
Strong electrolytes
NaCL
The number of Electrons should equal the number of ______
Protons
Isotopes can be
used in ______ ____
unstable and radioactive
nuclear medicine
________scan to evaluate for ______Cancer
Iondine-123; Thyroid
_________ comprised of only one kind of atom.
Elements
________groups of atoms covalently bonded into
discrete units. Electrically Neutral.
Molecules -
Question: Can a substance be both a molecule and an
element?
Yes. Oxygen (O2) two oxygen atoms bonded
together form a diatomic molecule of oxygen. But
oxygen is also an element on it’s own.
Electrolytes involve : bones/teeth, muscle contractions, nerve impulses, blood clotting
Ca2+
Element : helps bal. fluids & pH
Cl-
Element : Erythrocyte production, absorption of Fe++, helps form collagen, act as antioxidant
Cu
Ion for acid base balance, stomach HCl
Hydrogen (H+)
Element helps in Thyroid hormones T3 & T4
Iodine
Element helps in hemoglobin
Hgb (280 million molecules Hgb per RBC)
Element that is a cofactor for 300+ enzymes, helps regulate metabolic functions.
Magnesium
Magnesium can be used to
Can be used to slow uterine contraction
Involved in ATP production in cellular respiration
O2
Involved DNA, RNA, ATP
Phosphorus
Both for muscle contractions
K
Ca2+
Fluid balance, nerve function, muscle contraction
Sodium (Na)
Component of vital amino acids for protein synthesis
Sulfur
Monoatomic ions
Non-metals form anionic charges based on the number of electrons needed to equal the nearest noble gas
Formed from two or more NONMETALS bonded in a way
that results in a net electrical charge
Polyatomic ions
___________compounds that absorb water are used
as __________in anesthesia
Anhydrous ionic; desiccants
What is an electrolytes?
Any substance that dissolves in water to give a solution
that conducts electricity.
What is a mole?
used in chemistry to identify or measure how
much of a substance is present.
what is Avogadro’s number______
6.02x10^23
Mole and Avogadro’s number is based on the element
Carbon
One mole of anything contains _______Molecules/particles
6.02x10^23
