Lecture 2 - Chemistry of life

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

smallest particle an element can be divided

Question 2

molecule

Answer 2

smallest part of an element or compound whihc can exist by itself

Question 3

Benzene

Answer 3

electrons equally shared
no polaristation
non polar
insoluble in water 
hydrophobic

Question 4

alkyl bond

Answer 4

c-h

Question 5

hydroxyl

Answer 5

c-o

Question 6

carbonyl

Answer 6

c=o

Question 7

molecular conformation

Answer 7

spatial arrangemnet of atoms or groups in a molecule that are free to assume diff posiitons in space w/out breaking any covalent bonds variable

Question 8

molecular configuration

Answer 8

how atoms and groups joined - breaking covalent bonds

Question 9

steroisomers label when counter clockwise and clockwise

Answer 9

sinster = S -
rihgt = rectus+

Question 10

thalidomide whihc correct form + what happens

Answer 10

R then get isomerised to S

Question 11

fumeric and maleic

Answer 11

fumeric is cis and maleic is trans in krebs cycle isomerize to decrease energy levels

Question 12

how are we able to see light

Answer 12

retinal captures light- part of rhodopsin- pigment of retina
light causes photoisomerization- cis retinal turns to trand retinal
trans activares membrane in the retinal ccells + undergoes excitiation - send nerve impulses to brain so we can see

Question 13

denaturation

Answer 13

loss stable conformation

non covalent are broken but subunits intact

Question 14

relationship between subunit macromolecules and macromolecules

Answer 14

subunits + covalent bonds = macromolecules + non covalent = macromolecular

Question 15

non covalent

Answer 15

salt bridge- ionic
hydorgen
cander waals
hydrophobics

Question 16

salt bridge

Answer 16

ionic forces of attraction between regions permanent opposite charge
lysine= pos
glutamic = neg
found in hydrophobic environment

Question 17

fibrillin 1

Answer 17

calcium binding protein for formation connective tissue- transport calcium to where bone and cartillage synthesised
ca2+

Question 18

Marfan syndrome

Answer 18

mutation of fibrillin1 - bones arteries and cartillage long and weak
aneurysm common
reduced life span because 1 amino acid

Question 19

hydrogen bond

Answer 19

due to dipole formation- polar bond
unequal distribution electrons
permanent dipole= polar molecule

Question 20

Max attraction

Answer 20

distance/ van der waals radius where attraxcted

Question 21

hydrophobic forces

Answer 21

not polar not water soluble

things hydrophobic when unequal share

Question 22

Amphipatic molecules

Answer 22

non polar tail polar head

Question 23

micelles

Answer 23

non polar core polar surface

Question 24

why porteins fold

Answer 24

to protect hydrophobic side

Question 25

properties of water

Answer 25

``` excelelnt solvent cause hydrophobic interaction good heat transporter good cooling agent expands when freeze hihg surface tnesions- capillary action + nutreint transport ```

Question 26

water as solute

Answer 26

hihg no polar groups hihger stability

Question 27

kw `

Answer 27

bases of ph scale

Question 28

ph

Answer 28

-log

Question 29

biochenical porperteis affected by h+

Answer 29

transport oxygen in blood enzyme reaction respiration

Question 30

buffer

Answer 30

consit weak acid and conjugate base

Question 31

acid vs base

Answer 31

``` acid = donor base= acceptor ```

Question 32

higher ka

Answer 32

stronger base

Question 33

different buffers

Answer 33

phosphate buffer = neutral ph acetate = acidic ammonia = alkaline

Question 34

pka

Answer 34

-logka

Question 35

henderson - hassellbalch equation

Answer 35

calculates ph of buffer | ph= pka + log(a-/ha)

Question 36

buffering capacity depends on

Answer 36

ratio conc of acid and base | resits change in ph by maintaining constant H