Lecture 2 - Cellular Basis of Learning and Memory Flashcards
until the late 1800s, learning + memory have been the domain of _____ and ____, rather than _____
but not ____!
philosophers and psychologists, rather than neuroanatomists
but not exclusively!
____ and ____ were providing important insights into the nervous system
specifically the ____ of the nervous system
Golgi and Cajal
organization of the nervous system
Cajal looked at different _____ and different _____ of ______
he used the _____ ____
organisms and different stages of development
golgi stain
Golgi and Cajal differed in how the nervous system was _____
organized
Camillo Golgi believed in the ____ ____
Santiago Ramon y Cajal was the father of the _____ ____
reticulum theory
neuron doctrine
the reticulum theory states that nerve tissue is organized into a ____ ____, rather than ____ ____
continuous network, rather than discrete units
the neuron doctrine is the idea that the brain is made up of _____ _____ or _____ and are key to ____ _____
discrete cells or neurons and are key to neuronal signaling
Cajal had an amazing ability to take his static ____/_____ that he drew, and infer _____
images/micrographs, and infer function
from his drawings, Cajal concluded that the brain was not _____ and ____, but rather _____
rigid and stable, but rather neuroplastic
____ change/rewire the nervous system
neurons that ____ ____, ____ ____
experiences
fire together, wire together
cerebral gymnastics (___)
after sustained activity, there is growth of ___ ____. more ___ are created in the system
Cajal
new spines. more contacts are created in the system
memory trace: ____
engram
___ ____ coined the term ‘engram’
he wrote two books on ___ ___ in the first part of the 20th century
Richard Semon
human memory
the history of learning + memory is intertwined with the major movements in ____
psychology
human memory is intertwined with ____, ____ and ____ ___
introspection, behaviorism, and cognitive psychology
introspection refers to ___ ____
____ was a prevalent figure in the idea of introspection
introspection involves the _____ aspects of memory
self reflection
Ebbinghaus
psychological
behaviorism looks at the ____ and _____, not what was going on ____ the ____
inputs and outputs, not what was going on inside the brain
Hermann Ebbinghaus created the ____ ___
he gave himself a list of ____ ____ to memorize and made observations
forgetting curve
nonsense words
behaviorism concentrated on observing _____ to ____ ____
it ignored ____ ____ and _____
the shift from ____ to ____ was revolutionary
responses to external stimuli
mental states and processes
mind to behavior
the approach of behaviorists was to only consider an ____ ____ as measure, and nothing else
just watching _____
observable behavior
behavior
by the mid-____th century, the ____ approach was increasingly questioned
mid-20th century, the behaviorist approach
_____ decided scientists should look _____ the ____, not just at ____
he believed that ____ and ____ need to talk
Hebb decided scientists should look inside the brain, not just at behavior
psychologists and physiologists
____ ____ was a behaviorist who set up mouse maze experiment
he created ____ in different ___ ___
he was not able to ____ the ____ of the mouse to….
Karl Lashley
lesions in different cortical regions
disrupt the ability of the mouse to run the maze
Lashley concluded that memories were not _____, but were ____ throughout the ____
localized, but were dispersed throughout the cortex
