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! Immunology > Lecture 2 - Cells > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Cells Flashcards

0
Q

In immunology:

Give three examples of organs.

A
  • Thymus
  • Spleen
  • Lymph Nodes
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1
Q

What is immunology?

A

The study of the immune system.

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2
Q

In immunology:

Give three examples of cells.

A
  • Macrophages
  • T Cells
  • B Cells
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3
Q

In immunology:

Give two examples of chemicals.

A
  • Cytokines

- Chemokines

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4
Q

In immunology:

Give two examples of molecules.

A
  • CDxxx

- CDyyy

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5
Q

What is the immune system for?

A

To protect the body from infection:

  • Viruses
  • Bacteria
  • Parasites
  • Cancer
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6
Q

What happens when the immune system goes wrong.

A

Autoimmunity (Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Allergy (Hay fever, food allergies)
Cancer
Transplantation (Response to implants)

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7
Q

What are the innate mechanisms in the

Eyes?

A
  • Washing by tears

- Lysozymes

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8
Q

What are the innate mechanisms in the

Skin?

A

Anatomical Barrier:
-sweat, sebum

Antimicrobial Secretions:
-lactic acid, free fatty acids

Low PH
Commensalism Microbes

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9
Q

What are the innate mechanisms in the

Genitourinary Tract?

A
  • Washing by urine
  • acidity in urine
  • Lysozymes
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10
Q

What are the innate mechanisms in the respiratory tract?

A
  • Mucus

- Ciliated Epithelium

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11
Q

What are the innate mechanisms in the

Digestive Tract?

A
  • stomach acidity
  • normal flora
  • intestine-alkaline pH
  • mechanical flushing
  • enzymes (lysozyme)
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12
Q

How do Epithelial Cells prevent infection?

A
  • Functional barrier

- Secrete antimicrobial molecules

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13
Q

How do Goblet Cells prevent infection?

A
  • secrete mucus

- traps and prevents microbial adhesion

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14
Q

What happens during Asthma?

A
  • increased epithelial permeability

- IFNbeta and proliferation

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15
Q

What is IFNBeta and when is it deployed?

A

Interferon beta which is usually a PROTECTIVE RESPONSE TO VIRUSES.

16
Q

Name two types of stains.

A

Haematoxalin

Eosin

17
Q

What are the FIRST 4 stages of inflammation?

A

1) Bacteria/Pathogens ENTER wound
2) Platelets RELEASE blood clotting AGENTS at wound site.
3) Mast Cells SECRETE vasoconstriction/vasodilation mediators.
- Delivery of blood/plasma/cells increase
4) Neutrophils SECRETE factors which kill and degrade pathogens.

18
Q

What are the LAST 3 stages of inflammation?

A

5) Neutrophils and Macrophages REMOVE pathogens by phagocytosis
6) Macrophrages SECRETE hormones cytokines which attract immune cells that to the site and activate tissue repair cells.
7) Inflammatory response continues until foreign material is eliminated and wound is repaired.

! Immunology (8 decks)

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