Lecture 2 - Business and IT Capabilities / EA Frameworks Flashcards
What is the definition of a Architecture (TOGAF Definition)?
An architecture framework is a foundational structure, or set of structures, which can be used for developing a broad range of different architectures. It should describe a method for designing a target state of the enterprise in terms of a set of building blocks, and for showing how the building blocks fit together. It should contain a set of tools and provide a common vocabulary. It should also include a list of recommended standards and compliant products that can be used to implement the building blocks.
Why use TOGAF?
Using TOGAF results in enterprise architecture that is consistent, reflects the needs of stakeholders, employs best practice, and gives due consideration both to current requirements and the perceived future needs of the business. TOGAF provides a best practice framework for adding value, and enables the organization to build workable and economic solutions which address their business issues and needs.
What is TOGAF?
TOGAF is an architecture framework. TOGAF provides the methods and tools for assisting in the acceptance, production, use, and maintenance of an enterprise architecture. It is based on an iterative process model supported by best practices and a re-usable set of existing architecture assets.
For what kind of architectures does TOGAF deal with/fit to?
The Business Architecture defines the business strategy, governance, organization, and key business processes.
The Data Architecture describes the structure of an organization’s logical and physical data assets and data management resources.
The Application Architecture provides a blueprint for the individual applications to be deployed, their interactions, and their relationships to the core business processes of the organization.
The Technology Architecture describes the logical software and hardware capabilities that are required to support the deployment of business, data, and application services. This includes IT infrastructure, middleware, networks, communications, processing, standards, etc.
Hvad er TOGAF Architecture Development Method?
The TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) provides a tested and repeatable process for developing architectures. The ADM includes establishing an architecture framework, developing architecture content, transitioning, and governing the realization of architectures.
What are the phases in TOGAF ADM?
The Preliminary Phase describes the preparation and initiation activities required to create an Architecture Capability including customization of TOGAF and definition of Architecture Principles.
Phase A: Architecture Vision describes the initial phase of an architecture development cycle. It includes information about defining the scope of the architecture development initiative, identifying the stakeholders, creating the Architecture Vision, and obtaining approval to proceed with the architecture development.
Phase B: Business Architecture describes the development of a Business Architecture to support the agreed Architecture Vision.
Phase C: Information Systems Architectures describes the development of Information Systems Architectures to support the agreed Architecture Vision.
Phase D: Technology Architecture describes the development of the Technology Architecture to support the agreed Architecture Vision.
Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions conducts initial implementation planning and the identification of delivery vehicles for the architecture defined in the previous phases.
Phase F: Migration Planning addresses how to move from the Baseline to the Target Architectures by finalizing a detailed Implementation and Migration Plan.
Phase G: Implementation Governance provides an architectural oversight of the implementation.
Phase H: Architecture Change Management establishes procedures for managing change to the new architecture.
Requirements Management examines the process of managing architecture requirements throughout the ADM.
What are Business Capailities Trifecta (Three types of capabilities)
Operational capabilities: The planned ability to effectively excute substantive day-to-day activities, such as manufactoring, logistics, and sales.
Dynamic capabilities: The planned ability to effectively reconfigure existing operational capabilities to match the shift in business enviroment.
Improvisational capabilities: The learned ability to spontaneusly reconfigure existing resources in real time to build new operational capabilities that bettter match novel enviromental situations. (Der er ikke tid til at planlægge)
Source: Sawy
Hvad er IT infrastruktur og IT infrastruktur Capabilities? (sawy)
› IT Infrastructure is the sets of IT hardware, software, and networks, including applications software and database management software, that are available to the enterprise.
› IT infrastructure capabilities are the enterprise’s ability to be aware of what functionalities the IT infrastructure has to offer, to understand when and how to use them, and, when using them, to take advantage of specific IT functionalities and their combinations.
Hvad er IT Architecture?
IT Architecture
› A formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at component level, to guide its implementation (source: ISO/IEC 42010:2007).
› The structure of components, their inter-relationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time.
Nævn tre typer af IT Arkitektur (Sawy).
› Event-driven architecture (EDA) are based around the techniques and tools of complex event processing in distributed enterprise systems.
› Service-oriented architecture (SOA) are based on Web services that allow applications to be more modular (“Lego-like”).
› Self-learning Architectures (SA) are self-learning capabilities into architectures so that, for example, each time a business process is executed, the architecture can “learn” on-the-fly.
Hvad er de fire dimensioner i “the measurable model of dynamic capabilities”? Sawy
Sensing the enviroment: Evnen til at spotte forandringer og nye interne og eksterne muligheder.
Learning: acuiring, assimilating, and developing new knowledge needed to revamp operational capabilities with new knowledge and skills.
Integrating knowledge- embedding new knowledge into hte new operational capabilities by creating a shared understand and collective sense-making.
Coordination activities - orchestrating and deploying descrete reconfigurd tasks, resources, and activities embedded in the new operational capabilities.
Hvad inkluderer et vigilant informations system? (Sawy=
Observing requirements (evnen til at integrere information fra andre systemer og kilder), Orienting requirements (evnen til at præsentere data i grafiske fremstillinger og komme med advarselslamper), Deciding requirements (what-if analytics og statistiske analyser) og Acting requirements (evnen for systemet til at kommunikere information, således at der kan tages action ud fra det)
Forklar de fire levels af interoperability (EIF)
Legal interoperability, Organizational Interoperability, Semantic interoperability, technical interoperability.
Hvad er definitionen på et Interoperability Framework?
‘An interoperability framework is an agreed approach to interoperability for organisations that wish
to work together towards the joint delivery of public services. Within its scope of applicability, it
specifies a set of common elements such as vocabulary, concepts, principles, policies, guidelines,
recommendations, standards, specifications and practices.’
