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Bio 1 (101-NYA-05) > Lecture 2 - Biological Themes > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Biological Themes Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the characteristics of living things.

A
  • Cellular organization
  • Sensitivity
  • Reproduce
  • Evolve
  • Grow and develop
  • Process energy
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2
Q

Describe cellular organization.

A

All life consists of 1+ cells with precise spatial organization on several levels.

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3
Q

Describe sensitivity.

A

Responds to stimuli.

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4
Q

Describe reproduce.

A

Hereditary molecules passed to offspring.

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5
Q

Describe evolve.

A

Change (such that genes in a population change) as a result of interactions with other organisms in the environment.

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6
Q

Describe grow and develop.

A

Ex. fetal growth. its in the name.

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7
Q

Describe process energy

A

Take energy from sun or chemical bonds to power cellular processes and acquire biomass

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8
Q

Describe emergent properties.

A

Properties that emerge when going up a biological level of organization.

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9
Q

Describe cells

A

smallest functional unit of life

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10
Q

Describe tissues

A

made up of common cell type.

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11
Q

List biological levels of organization in increasing order.

A
  • cells
  • tissues
  • organ
  • organ systems
  • organism
  • population
  • community
  • ecosystem
  • biosphere
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12
Q

Describe organs

A

made of multiple cell types

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13
Q

Describe organ systems

A

group of organs performing related functions

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14
Q

Describe organisms

A

individual living things made of several organ systems

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15
Q

describe populations

A

group of organisms of one type (species) living in the same area

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16
Q

describe community

A

populations that live together in a defined area

Ex: food chains

17
Q

describe ecosystem

A

community and its nonliving surroundings (soil, sun, rain)

18
Q

describe biosphere

A

the part of the earth that contains all ecosytems

19
Q

What is the level?

Observing the change in number of dandelions in a field

A

population

20
Q

What is the level?

looking at how many rabbits each wolf eats in a year

A

community

21
Q

What is the level?

investigation how many materials are moved around neurons

A

cellular

22
Q

describe Linnean classification

A

groups species in increasingly broad categories

23
Q

List the categories in Linnean classification in order of broadest to most specific

A
  • domain
  • kingdom
  • phylum
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
24
Q

Describe binomial nomenclature

A

genus + species

first letter of genus capitalized. all italicized.

25
Q

Name the three domains

A
  • domain bacteria
  • domain archaea
  • domain eukarya
26
Q

Describe prokaryotes

A
  • Includes Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea

Generalizations:

  • very small
  • no nucleus
  • no internal membranes
  • have cell walls
27
Q

Describe eukaryotes

A
  • Includes Domain Eukarya

Generalizations:

  • Large
  • nucleus
  • organelles
28
Q

Describe domain bacteria

A
  • unicellular
  • autotrophic or heterotrophic
  • cell walls contain peptidoglycan (protein/sugar)
  • can be harmful (pathogenic) or helpful (decomposers, digestion)
29
Q

Describe domain archaea

A
  • autotrophic or heterotrophic
  • cell walls DO NOT contain peptidoglycan
  • live in extreme environments:
  • -methanogens (produce methane)
    • halophiles (high salt)
    • thermophiles (high temperatures)
    • acidophiles (high pH)
30
Q

Describe domain eukarya

A

divided into 4 kingdoms

  • plantae
  • fungi
  • animalia
  • protists
31
Q

Describe kingdom animalia

A
  • ALL multicellular organisms
  • heterotrophs (feed through ingestion)
  • lack cell walls
  • greater mobility (some sessile)
  • Ecological role: consumers
32
Q

Describe kindgom plantae

A
  • ALL multicellular organisms
  • autotrophs (produce their own energy through photosynthesis)
  • have cellulose cell walls
  • ecological role: primary producers
33
Q

Describe kingdom fungi

A
  • most are multi cellular (some uni)
  • have hyphae (stringy cells) and chitin walls
  • heterotrophs; saprotrophs (feed by absorption of nutrients after decomposing organic material) and parasites
  • ecological role: decomposers or parasites
34
Q

Describe kingdom protista

A
  • do not form a natural group; often grouped together for convinience
  • mostly unicellular organisms (a few multi)
  • various metabolic strategies (photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, saprotrophs)

Bio 1 (101-NYA-05) (8 decks)

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