lecture 2 - ARDS Flashcards
what are the criteria for ARDS?
- refractory hypoxemia
- P/F ratio < 300
what are the causes of ARDS?
- sepsis
- aspiration pneumonia
- chest trauma
- PE
- O2 toxicity (improper gas exchange)
- injury to lungs
how many phases does ARDS have?
3 phases
what are the causes of phase 1 ARDS?
- lung injury
- edema
- V/Q mismatch
- hypoxemia
- atelectasis
what are the causes for phase 3 ARDS?
- decreased lung compliance
- decreased area for gas exchange
- worsening pulmonary HTN
what are the causes for phase 2 ARDS?
- proliferative hypoxemia
- pulmonary HTN
- shunting
- fibrous tissue replacing deceased lung tissue
what are the manifestations for phase 1 ARDS?
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
- repspiratory alkalosis
what are the manifestations for phase 2 ARDS?
- increased WOB
- intercostal retractions
- diaphoresis
- cyanosis
- AMS
- crackles
- rhonchi
what are the manifestations for phase 3 ARDS?
- hypotensive
- decreased cardiac output
- severe hypoxemia
- tissue hypoxia
- lactic acidosis
what are diagnostics tests that will confirm ARDS?
- serial CXR
- ABG labs
- culture
- pulmonary function test (PFT)
how can you treat ARDS?
- oxygen support
- high-flow BiPAP
- mechanical ventilation
- ECMO
what are the medications for ARDS?
- analgesics
- sedatives
- neuromuscular blockers
- inotropics
- pressins
- steroids
- diuretics
what are the two types of respiratory failure?
- hypoxemic
- hypercapnic
what are the causes for hypoxemic respiratory failure?
- HF
- fluid volume overload
- PE
- COPD
- pneumonia
what causes for hypercapnic respiratory failure?
failure to expel excess CO2
- CNS problems
- respiratory depression
- brain trauma
- chronic asthma
what are the diagnostic tests for ARF?
- CXR
- ABG labs
- O2 sat
- V/Q scan
which medications are administered for ARF?
- steroids
- bronchodilators
- diuretics
- magnesium sulfate
- nitric oxide
- antibiotics
- benzos
- opioids
nursing interventions for ARF
- assess ABC
- elevated HOB
- suction
- oxygen therapy
- prepare for intubation
complications of ARF
- cardiac failure
- multiple organ dysfunction (MOD)
what are the complications of ARDS?
- MOD
- sepsis
- altered lung function
- VAP
- barotrauma
- ulcers
- VTE
- AKI
what is the treatment for ARF?
- O2 therapy
- mobilize secretions (TCDB, ambulation)
- diuresis
- antibiotics
define barotrauma
injury caused by excessive air or water pressure
what does hypercapnic respiratory failure indicate?
failure of ventilation
what does hypoxemic respiratory failure indicate?
falilure to perfuse
which is reponsible for the occurence of ARDS?
permeable alveoli that cannot exchange gas due to systemic inflammation (filled up with fluid)
what causes alveolar sacs to fill up with fluid from pulmonary HTN
they have become permeable
