Lecture 2 Anatomy Flashcards
Vertebral Column Function?
- Supports the trunk, head, and limbs
- Protects the spinal cord
- Provides sites of attachment for muscles
How many Cervical Bones are there?
seven
How many thoracic Bones are there?
twelve
How many Lumbar bones are there?
Five
How many sacral bones are there?
Is this fused?
Five
fused into one
How many coccyx bones are there?
Is this fused?
Four
fused into one
There are two connective tissues
What are they called?
Intervertebral disc (IVD)
and
ligaments
Lamina serves as a connective unit for what two bones?
Transverse Processes to the Spinous process
The Pedicle serves as a connective unit for what two bones?
Vertebral body
and
Transverse Process
Vertebrae Foramen holds what nerves?
Spinal Nerves
and
Spinal cord
Thoracic Transverse Process attaches to what set of bones?
Does this attach to another site?
Thoracic Transverse Process ONLY attaches to the ribs
What is a Laminectomy?
Expose the spinal cord during surgery
Neural Arch goes around what?
The backside of the vertebrae
Primary Ventral Ramiis goes where and supplies what muscles?
Primary Ventral Ramis goes anterior
and
supplies superficial back muscles
Primary Dorsal Rami goes where and supplies what muscles?
Primary Dorsal Rami goes posterior
and
supplies DEEP back muscles
What is inside the IVD?
Central and outside part?
Central: Nucleus Pulposus (gelatinous)
Outside: Annulus Fibrosus (cartilaginous part)
The spinal cord ends at what L (?) bone and it becomes what?
L2
and
becomes the cauda equina
Name each site
Name each site
name each site
name each site
Zygapophysis joints?
Joints between the superior articular facet of one vertebrae and the inferior articular facet of one vertebrae and the inferior articular facet of another vertebrae.
Where are the lamina and the ligament flavium?
Where is the sacral Hiatus and Vertebral canal?
Head of each rib articulates at?
Two Different Vertebrae
ICF of V6 binds to rib ?
rib 7
Label ICF, SCF, TCF, and V 6, V 7, and Rib 7
Bifid Process?
Its where the bifid process which is in respect to the spinous process goes from the nucheal ligament and as it nears the spinous processit develops into the superspinous ligament.
Transverse Foramen ONLY in which vertebrae
Cervical
The vertebral artery pass through the?
Transverse Foramen
Which vertebrae have transverse processes that attach to the ribs
Thoracic
Which structure is the most anterior?
A. Interspinous Ligament
B. Supraspinous Ligament
C. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
D. Spinous Process
C. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Dens form the joint
A-A joint
Give some information about the A-A joint
What’s the name?
What bone forms it?
What are C bones involved?
What movement can be made?
Alanto-Axial Joint
Dens form the A-A joint
C1-C2 zygapophysis
No-No
What is the name of the A-O joint?
What bones are involved?
What movement?
Atlanto-Occipital joint
The C1- Occipital bone condyle
The movement of Yes-Yes.
What holds the Dens in place?
The Alar and cruciate ligament
Tectorial Membrane turns into what?
Posterior longitudinal Ligament
The 8th rib articulates with all of these structures EXCEPT
A. SCF of the 8th Vertebrae
B. ICF of the 7th Vertebrae
C. TCF of the 8th Vertebrae
D. None of the above
D. None of the above
Isometric
give an example
muscle does not shorten and no movement occurs
Ex: Plank
Isotonic
muscle shortens and movement does occur
Example: Biceps Curl
Muscles can only as they “contract”
Muscles cannot
Can ONLY pull
CAN NOT PUSH
What kind of movers have major responsibility for causing a particular movement at a joint
What is it called when a muscle acts as an opposer or reverser of a movement?
What are muscles called when they help prime movers what is it referred to when stabilization of one bony part at a joint so that all the tension can be used to move the other bony part?
Prime Movers - have major responsibility for causing a particular movement at a joint
Antagonists - oppose or reverse a movement
Synergists - help prime movers
Fixators - stabilize one bony part at a joint so that all the tension can be used to move the other bony part
Which area does the vertebral artery pass through?
A. Transverse Foramen; Thoracic Vertebrae
B. Transverse Foramen; Cervical Vertebrae
C. Vertebral Foramen; Thoracic Vertebrae
D. Vertebral Foramen; Cervical Vertebrae
B. Transverse Foramen; Cervical Vertebrae
What are the superficial back muscles?
Trapezius
and
Lattisimus Dorsi
What are the intermediate back muscles?
Rhomboids major
Rhomboids minor
and
levator scapulae
What are the deep back muscles?
Serratus Posterior
and
Serratus Inferior
Intrinisic True Back Muscles superficial are?
Splenius Capitis
and
Splenius Cervicis
What is the intrinsic true back muscle intermediate?
Erector Spinae
What are the intrinsic muscles that are deep?
transversospinalis
Trapezius Proximal Attachments?
Occipital bone
Nuchal Ligament
Suprapinious Ligament
Spinous process C-T
Trapezius Distal Attachments?
Spine of scapula
acrominon priocess
lateral clavicle
What Artery supplies the Trapezius?
Two Arteries
Dorsal Scapular Artery
and
Transverse Cervical Artery
Subclavian Artery –> —>
Axillary
then
Brachial Artery
What nerve is this?
what muscle does it innervate?
trapezius
Innervation of Trapezius?
Cranial Nerve XI
which is cranial nerve 11 and also called accessory nerve
Which joint allows a person to shake their head in a “no-no” motion?
A. Atlanto-Occipital Joint
B. Atlantoaxial Joint
C. A and B
D. None of the Above
B. Atlantoaxial Joint
What is the function of the trapezius?
Remember DEAR Trapezius.
D: Depresses Scapula
E: Elevates Scapula
A: adducts Scapula
R: Rotates Scapula with the help of serratus anterior m.
What muscle is this?
What are the innervations?
What is the arterial supply?
Trapezius
Cranial nerve XI, 11
Dorsal Scapular Artery
and Transverse Cervical Artery
What muscle is this?
What is it’s innervation?
What is the arterial supply?
What are the proximal and distal attachments?
Latissimus Dorsi
Thoracodorsal Nerve nerve (a branch off of the brachial plexus ventral primary rami) and
Thoracodorsal Artery (branch off of the axillary artery)
Proximal :
Distal: Medial lip of the bicipital groove
Proximal: Spinous ps. (T-L) Sacrum (post.) Crest of ilium (post.)
The arrow is pointing to a muscle, what is the arterial supply of that muscle?
Trapezius
Dorsal Scapular Artery ( br. of subclavian artery) and the Tranverse Cervical Artery ( br of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian)
Label these muscles.
What are the proximal and distal attachments?
nerve?
artery?
Lateral Attachment: Vertebral Border of Scapula
Medial Attachment: Spinous Process C-T (Rhomboids),
Dorsal scapular nerve (br. of Brachial plexus)
Dorsal scapular artery (br. of Axillary or Subclavian art.)
Distal attachment of the latisimus dorsi?
Medial lip of the bicipital groove
What muscle is this?
Levator Scapulae
Dorsal scapular artery (br. of Axillary or Subclavian art.)
Dorsal scapular nerve (br. of Brachial plexus)
What muscles are these?
What nerve?
what artery?
Lateral attachment?
Medial Attachment?
Serratus Posterior Superior & Serratus Posterior Inferior
Lateral Attachment: Lateral Ribs (For Both)
Medial Attachment: Spinous Process C-T (SPS), Spinous Process T-L (SPI)
Nerve Br. of intercostal nerves Arteries
Br. of Posterior intercostal arteries
What nerve and artery supply this muscle?
Splenius Capitis and Cervici
Nerve: Dorsai 1 Rami
Artery: Brs of Intercostal arteries
Label the figure
Cervical : Facet Joints allow for ? movement between vertebra
minimal
Veterbral artery goes through?
Transverse Foramen and the Subocciptal Triangle
Ventral 1 rami of thoracic spinal nerves do not form somatic nerve plexuses are called ?
intercostal nn.
Which muscle is NOT innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?
A. Rhomboid Major
B. Levator Scapulae
C. Rhomboid Minor
D. Trapezius
D. Trapezius
What muscle? Attachments? Nerve? Artery?
Attachments:
Lateral : Vertebral Border of Scapula
Medial: Spinous Process C-T
Dorsal Scapular Artery (Br. Axillary or Subclavian Art.)
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (Br. of Brachial Plexus)
muscle? Artery? Nerve? attachments?
Lateral Attachment: Vertebral border of Scapula
Medial Attachment: Process of Cervical Vertebrae
Artery : Dorsal Scapular Artery
Nerve: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
What nerve is this? What muscle does it innervate?
Long thoracic nerve. Serratus Anterior
What is the innervation of this muscle?
Thoracodorsal Nerve
