Lecture 2: Anatomy Flashcards
What happens when you have a XY chromosome?
You have a Androgen released and you see a differentiation of genitals.
What is the leading Hormone in the development of males?
Androgens, primarily Testosterone
Produced in testes
What happens when you have a lack of Androgens?
The embryo will continue to develop as a Female.
What are male chromosomes?
XY
What are Female Chromosomes?
XX
When do Primitive gonads begin production?
5-6 weeks into pregnancy
When do we see the “basic blue-print” of Sex within the Fetus?
7 weeks in.
Where are Testes and Ovaries located within the fetus?
Within the High Abdomen and will descend.
True or False:
When we are developing both male and female embryos will have the Wolffian duct and Mullerian ducts
True
What happens when the Androgen, Testosterone is introduced to the fetus (the ducts)
The Wolffrian duct turns into the Vas Deferens
What happen wen Androgens are not introduced to the fetus (teh ducts)
The Mullerian duct turn into the Fallopian tubes
True or false:
Women are made for sex
Men just try hard to keep up
True
What is the primary role of the Mons veneris?
To cushion the lady during intercourse and is the location of Pubic hair growth.
What happens as you move from the Labia Majora to the Labia Minora?
You will see less pubic hair, and it will become more sensitive to touch and sensation.
also acts to protect the internal organs
True or false:
The labia Minora is connected to the Clitoral hood
True
What is the role of an orgasmic during sex?
Allows for sperm to better reach the egg, and to make the environment better for sperm travel.
(more likely to have a baby)
What is the function of the Labia Majora?
Amply supplied with nerve endings that respond to stimulation. They also shield the inner portion of the female Genitals
What is the function of the Labia Minora?
Rich in blood vessels and nerve endings, the labia minora are highly sensitive to sexual stimulation. When stimulated they darken and swell.
What is the function of the Clitoris?
Unique in that it serves no known purpose other than sexual pleasure.
What is the Prepuce of Clitoris?
“Hood” cover the clitoral Shaft
What is the Urethral opening?
opening through which urine passes from the female’s body.
What is the Vaginal opening?
Also called the introitus.
Has a Hymen that is a fold of tissue that goes across the vaginal opening.
What is the Pubo Coccygeus muscle?
The muscles that encircle the entrance to the vagina
Kegal Exercises
What is the Vagina?
Extends back and upwards from the vaginal opening.
It is usually to 5 inches long at rest.
location of menstrual flow and baby pass.
What is the Cervix?
Is the lower end of the Uterus.
Its walls produce secretion that help in maintaining the the chemical balance of the vagina.
What is the Uterus?
Also called the womb is the organ in which fertilized ovum implants and develops until birth.
It is usually slanted forward.
What is the opening to the Cervix called?
The Os
What is the Endometrium?
The innermost layer, is richly supplied with blood vessels and glands.
Endometrial tissue is discharged through the cervix and vagina at menstruation.
What is the Endometriosis?
Endometrial tissue may grow in the abdominal cavity or elsewhere in the reproductive system.
Most common symptom is menstrual pain. However can lead to infertility if left untreated.
What is the Myometrium?
Is the well muscled second layer of the uterus. It endows the uterus with flexibility and strength.
Creates the powerful contractions that propel a fetus outward during labor.
What is the Perumetrium?
Is the fibrous third or outermost layer, provides an external cover.
What are the Fallopian tubes?
The tube or duct that connects the ovary to the uterus.
What are the Ovaries?
Are almond shaped organs that are each about 1.5 inches long.
The ovaries produce ova (eggs cells) and the female sex hormone (Estrogen and progesterone)
What is a Hysterectomy?
Surgical removal of the uterus.
What is a complete Hysterectomy?
The surgical removal of the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, cervix, and uterus.
preformed as a means to prevent the risks of cancer spreading throughout the reproductive system.
What are the breasts?
Each Breast contain 15-20 clusters of milk-producing mammary glands, each gland opes at the nipples through its own duct.
What is the nipple?
The nipple, which lies in the center of the areola, contains smooth muscle fibers that make the nipple become erect when they are contacted.
What is the rooting reflex?
The ability for a baby to move towards the nipple when they have sensation near their mouth.
What is the G-Spot?
The Grafenberg Spot
A location in the anterior wall, roughly a 1.5 inches in (feels like roof of the mouth/ soft pallet) That is highly sensitive to touch and stimulation.
True or false:
Stimulating G-spot makes you first want to pee and then want to push.
True
Who coined the G-spot
Berrie wickle?
What is the Actual function of the G-spot?
Pain management during child birth.
What is the Penis?
The male organ of sexual intercourse. It contains the opening through which semen and urine pass.
Contains 3 cinders that allow it to become erect.
What is the Corpus Cavernosum?
Cylinders of spongy tissue the penis that becomes congested with blood and stiffens during sexual arousal
What is the Corpus Spongiosm?
The spongy body that runs along the bottom of the penis, contains the penile urethra, and enlarges at the tip of the tip of the penis to form glands.
What is the Corona?
The ridge that separates the glans from the body of the penis.
What is the Frenulum?
The sensitive strip of tissue that connects the underside of the penile glans to the shaft =.
What is the scrotum?
The scrotum is a pouch of loose skin that becomes covered lightly with hair at puberty.
Holds the testies
How long dose it take for sperm to mature?
70 days
What are the two compartments of the scrotum?
Vas deferus
Cremaster muscle
What are the Testes?
The Testes serve two functions analogous to those of the ovaries.
They secrete sex hormones and produces mature germ cells.
What are the male germ cells?
sperm
What hormones are produced by the Testes?
Androgen such as Testosterone
What secretes Testosterone?
Interstitial cells called Leydig’s cells.
What is a function of Testosterone during puberty
Helps stimulate the production of secondary sex characteristics.
What makes up the majority of semen?
Seminal Vesical Fluid
How much semen is made by the Prostate?
18-20%
What is the purpose of the Prostate fluid?
To neutralize the acetic environment of the vaginal canal.
What is the Copers Gland? what is the function?
A gland that produces a “lube” like substance that clears the runway for the semen to go.
What is the Vas Deferens?
the conduit for the mature sperm.
What is a Vasectomy?
An operation in which the right and left vas deferens are severed
True or False:
Rhesus monkeys developed heart disease after a vasectomy.
true.
What are the Seminal Vesicles?
The two seminal Vesicles are small glands, each about 2 inches long.
They lie behind the bladder and into the ejaculatory duct.
