Lecture 2 - Adapting PMBOK Flashcards
Describe Life Cycle Thinking
Raw materials, manufacture, distribution, usage/consumption, waste/disposal
Hwo do you design life cycle thinking? (How do you extend a products life cycle)
Extend product life cycle through appropriate design to enhance product:
1.Reliability & robustness
2.Reparability
3.Upgradability
4.Variability
5.Attachment
Other criteria:
Should not be technologically complex
Compatible with existing beliefs
Highly visible & communicable
Offer recognisable advantages
Why is product design important?
70% of total product costs can be saved during design stage;
Design decisions have significant impact on quantity of resource used & of waste produced during life-cycle;
Major source of innovation & potential competitive advantage;
Pressure to adhere from multiple sources (i.e. Governments, lobby groups, etc.).
What are the benefits of Life Cycle Thinking?
Savings in labour, resources & energy
Positive image = also potential competitive advantage (consider increased consumer consciousness & power)
Intellectual property (IP) & long term returns
In line with (TBL)
Define impact
‘An impact is a positive or negative result of an effect of a product, process, and/or activity, including all the social, economic, and environmental consequences and implications’ (Raney, 2006).
Negative impacts can affect:
The ecosystem and natural resources;
Human health
Safety
Quality of life
Economics, and
Society as a whole
What are some characteristics of projects?
Unique, timeframe, stakeholder, budget, risk, etc
What are the 4 stages of Project Management Lifecycle?
Concept stage - (alsoreferred to as initiation, feasibility or stage 1)
Idea stage where the project is conceived. Discussion of preliminary goals, deliverables & strategic vision alignment, problems raised, impact assessment in terms of TBL and life cycle, potential benefits identifies, alternative approaches researched & provisional costing determined.
Planning stage - (alsoreferred to as schedule, preparation or stage 2)
Following the decision to proceed in stage 1, al work required is planned & scheduled. Objectives are finalized, resources are assigned, quality is signed off on (include TBL and life cycle guidelines & standards), final costs are approved, the timing agreed & all others
administrative matters are determined
Execution stage, including monitoring & controlling - (or implementation, control or stage 3)
The project has commenced during this stage & the emphasis is moved to tracking actual progress using the schedules developed in stage 2 as the comparison point of reference. All work (including TBL & Life Cycle thinking) is monitored, controlled & corrected where
necessary with schedules being reviewed, revised & updated as required
Finalization (and evaluation) stage - (or completion, termination, handover, or stage 4
The project has been completed & the deliverable handed over to the client. Resources are disposed of or reassigned, the project is evaluated, reports are written, & presented & the administration arm of the project is closed
What are some benefits of PM Lifecycle?
Communicates graphical framework of the total project
Details responsibility
Prescribes manageable portions
Identifies control gates
Flags key decisions
What are some benefits of successful PM?
Improved accountability
* Responsibility, visibility & authority assigned
Improved scope definition
* Clear to project & stakeholders
Improved efficiency & effectiveness
* Effective planning & use of resources, systems & processes
Improved performance management
* Measuring achievements against plan
Improved consistency
* Use of common terminologies
Improved transparency of process
* No surprises
Improved client/stakeholders satisfaction
* Deliverables achieve project objectives
Describe the mapping of PM compentencies
Concept: Identification of all
Planning: Development and planning
Execution: Reportin, managing and monitoring
Finalisation: Finalisation reporting
What are some lifecycle input for each stage?
Concept: Project selection, sponsors located, stakeholders determined
Planning: Breakdown of project into activities, Critical path determined, schedules
Execution: Contracts, meetings progress review
Finalisation: Client acceptance, close out of project, evaluation
What are some lifecycle outputs for each stage?
Concept: Client brief, meeting minutes, feasabliity study
Planning: Timelines, budgets, resource matrix
Execution: Contracts, performance reports, progress claims
Finalisation: Evaluation, acceptence testing, handover
What are the 5 contraints on a project?
Time: Provisional timeframe including start, finish & deadline dates
Cost: Provisional budget & associated funding requirement & approvals
Scope: Unambiguous & specific - i.e. deliverables, performance, quality standards, TBL …). Initial description of output
as to enable measurement
Resources: Nominated assignment &commitment of people, materials, equipment, & finance (Unambiguous quality
specifications & performance standards to be identified & agreed upon among stakeholders).
TBL and life cycle thinking steps
What are some common project failures?
Over budget, over time, lack of end-user involvement, change in scope and not supported by stakeholders
What are some common project successes?
On time, on budget, stakeholder satisfaction, transparent decision making and aligned to vision
