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Voice Disorders > Lecture 2 - 9/10 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - 9/10 Flashcards

1
Q

Rough Voice

A
  • Vocal Fold Aperiodicity
  • Difference in weight between vocal folds
  • Change in stiffness between vocal folds
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2
Q

Vocal Fry

A
  • Arytenoid Cartilages are tightly adducted and vocal folds are relatively slack and compact.
  • Loose glottal closure
  • Low airflow rate
  • Low subglottal air pressure
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3
Q

Creaky Voice

A
  • Forceful adduction of arytenoid cartilages and medial compression of vocal folds.
  • Stiffened and Lengthened vocal folds
  • stiff vocal tract
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4
Q

Pitch Breaks

A
  • Instantaneous, involuntary change in the speed of vibration of vocal folds
  • abrupt change in length and stiffness of vocal folds
  • differential weighting of vocal folds
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5
Q

phonation breaks

A
  • instantaneous, involuntary change of vibration of vocal folds,
  • abrupt change in length and stiffness of vocal folds
  • differential weighting of vocal folds
  • abrupt abduction of vocal folds
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6
Q

Aphonia (Def/Examples)

A

Vocal Folds do Not Vibrate

  1. Adducted out of breath stream
  2. Stiffened to stop vibration

Voiceless consonants /fhkpst/

Whisper

Loud whisper = 20dB quieter than conversational speech.

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7
Q

aphonia

A
  • absence of vibration of vocal folds
  • passive stiffening of vocal folds (swelling or other increase mass of vocal folds)
  • passive decrease in tone of vocal folds (paralysis or other neurological disorder)
  • mismatch between strength of expiratory drive and stiffness of vocal folds.
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8
Q

Perpetual Characteristics of Voice Problems (3)

A

Pitch Loudness Quality

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9
Q

Probable Underlying Physiological Problems Breakdown (4)

A
  1. Aperiodicity in Vibration
  2. Adduction and Stiffness of Vocal Folds
  3. Changes in Resonance
  4. Breath Control
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10
Q

Aperiodicity of Vibration can cause… (8)

A 
Roughness
Vocal Fry
Creaky Voice
Pitch Breaks
Voice Breaks
Aphonia
Tremor
Diplophonia
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11
Q

Tremor

A
  • Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillating movement of VFs, intrinsic laryngeal muscles, or extrinsic laryngeal muscles – (Neurological or physiological)
  • Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillating movements in the diaphragm produce inconsistent subglottal air pressure – (Neurological or physiological)
  • Referred tremor from involuntary tremor in the head, hand, etc. to the larynx – (Neurological or physiological)
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12
Q

Diplophonia

A

Two or more simultaneous Tones.

  • Asychronous vibration of
  • Different weighting of VFs
  • Different length & stiffness of VFs
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13
Q

Adduction and Stiffness in VT can cause… (9)

A 
Breathy
Abrupt initiation
Pressed Phonation
Strident
Strained-Strangled
Persistent Falsetto
Virilization
Inappropriate Pitch Variability
Limited Pitch Range
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14
Q

Breathy

A
  • Inadequate adduction of VFs - Paralysis.
  • Gab anterior and posterior to vocal fold lesion allows air to leak (nodes/polyps)
  • Lack of adduction of VF - neurological problem, alkalosis
  • Bowing of VFs - Neurological, aging, surgical damage.
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15
Q

Alkalosis

A

?? mentions a lot..a little unsure. The interwebs seem to characterize it as a fluid or pH imbalance among different systems of the Body.

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16
Q

Abrupt Initiation of Phonation

A
  • Hyperadduction & stiffening of VFs prior to onset of phonation
  • Build up of subglottal air before initiation of phonation
17
Q

Pressed Phonation

A
  • Hyperadduction & excessive stiffness of VFs
  • Excessive subglottal pressure
  • Stiffness above & below glottis
  • Abrupt initiation of voice
  • Long closed phase of vibration
18
Q

Strident

A
  • Hyperadduction & excessive stiffness of VFs
  • Excessive subglottal pressure
  • Increased stiffness of vocal tract
  • Abrupt initiation of voice
19
Q

Strained-Strangled

A
  • Hyperadduction of arytenoid cartilages & vocalis muscle – Learned behavior or neurologically based
  • High subglottal air pressure
  • Small range of excursion of VFs due high muscle tone
20
Q

Persistent Falsetto

A
  • Excessive length & stiffness of VFs
  • Excessive elevation of larynx (extrinsic laryngeal muscles)
  • Decreased space between hyoid bone & thyroid cartilage
  • Tightness in jaw & tongue
21
Q

Virilized

A
  • VFs shortened & stiffened
  • Larynx lowered in throat (extrinsic laryngeal muscles)
  • Reduced air flow between VFs
22
Q

Inappropriate Pitch Variability:

A

Inappropriate Pitch Variability: Excessive changes in length of VFs

Inappropriate Pitch Variability- Monopitch: VFs excessively stiffened

Inappropriate Pitch Variability - Excessive Pitch Changes: VF stiffness varies excessively

23
Q

Limited Pitch Range (loss highs and lows)

A

Excessive, passive stiffness of VFs

24
Q

Changes in Resonance… Can Cause (3)

A

Hypernasality
Hyponasality
Back quality

25
Q

Hypernasality

A
  • Changes in resonance
  • Ineffective closure of velopharyngeal port
  • Nasal emissions
26
Q

Hyponasality

A
  • Changes in resonance
  • Excessive closure of velopharyngeal port (swollen adenoids)
  • Nasal congestion
27
Q

Back Quality

A
  • Changes in resonance

- Excessive dilation of the pharyngeal musculature

28
Q

Breath Control….can cause (4)

A

Fading at end of Breath Groups
Inappropriate Loudness
Inappropriate Loudness Variability
Limited Loudness Range

29
Q

Fading at end of Breath Groups

A
  • Decreased abdominal support
  • Inadequate inhalation to support length and duration of connected speech and singing
  • Inefficient checking action
  • Air leak at level of glottis
30
Q

Inappropriate Loudness

A

Quiet

  • Inadequate inhalation
  • Inadequate medial compression of vocal folds
  • Vocal fold paresis or paralysis
  • Gaps anterior and posterior to a lesion

Loud

  • Inadequate checking action
  • Excessive medial compression of vocal folds
31
Q

Inappropriate Loudness Variability

A
  • Inadequate inhalation

- Inefficient breath control – Checking action

32
Q

Limited Loudness Range

A
  • Insufficient expiratory drive
  • Inefficient breath control – Checking action
  • Air leak at level of glottis
  • Excessive medial compression of VFs

Voice Disorders (8 decks)

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