Lecture 2 - 9/10 Flashcards
Rough Voice
- Vocal Fold Aperiodicity
- Difference in weight between vocal folds
- Change in stiffness between vocal folds
Vocal Fry
- Arytenoid Cartilages are tightly adducted and vocal folds are relatively slack and compact.
- Loose glottal closure
- Low airflow rate
- Low subglottal air pressure
Creaky Voice
- Forceful adduction of arytenoid cartilages and medial compression of vocal folds.
- Stiffened and Lengthened vocal folds
- stiff vocal tract
Pitch Breaks
- Instantaneous, involuntary change in the speed of vibration of vocal folds
- abrupt change in length and stiffness of vocal folds
- differential weighting of vocal folds
phonation breaks
- instantaneous, involuntary change of vibration of vocal folds,
- abrupt change in length and stiffness of vocal folds
- differential weighting of vocal folds
- abrupt abduction of vocal folds
Aphonia (Def/Examples)
Vocal Folds do Not Vibrate
- Adducted out of breath stream
- Stiffened to stop vibration
Voiceless consonants /fhkpst/
Whisper
Loud whisper = 20dB quieter than conversational speech.
aphonia
- absence of vibration of vocal folds
- passive stiffening of vocal folds (swelling or other increase mass of vocal folds)
- passive decrease in tone of vocal folds (paralysis or other neurological disorder)
- mismatch between strength of expiratory drive and stiffness of vocal folds.
Perpetual Characteristics of Voice Problems (3)
Pitch Loudness Quality
Probable Underlying Physiological Problems Breakdown (4)
- Aperiodicity in Vibration
- Adduction and Stiffness of Vocal Folds
- Changes in Resonance
- Breath Control
Aperiodicity of Vibration can cause… (8)
Roughness Vocal Fry Creaky Voice Pitch Breaks Voice Breaks Aphonia Tremor Diplophonia
Tremor
- Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillating movement of VFs, intrinsic laryngeal muscles, or extrinsic laryngeal muscles – (Neurological or physiological)
- Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillating movements in the diaphragm produce inconsistent subglottal air pressure – (Neurological or physiological)
- Referred tremor from involuntary tremor in the head, hand, etc. to the larynx – (Neurological or physiological)
Diplophonia
Two or more simultaneous Tones.
- Asychronous vibration of
- Different weighting of VFs
- Different length & stiffness of VFs
Adduction and Stiffness in VT can cause… (9)
Breathy Abrupt initiation Pressed Phonation Strident Strained-Strangled Persistent Falsetto Virilization Inappropriate Pitch Variability Limited Pitch Range
Breathy
- Inadequate adduction of VFs - Paralysis.
- Gab anterior and posterior to vocal fold lesion allows air to leak (nodes/polyps)
- Lack of adduction of VF - neurological problem, alkalosis
- Bowing of VFs - Neurological, aging, surgical damage.
Alkalosis
?? mentions a lot..a little unsure. The interwebs seem to characterize it as a fluid or pH imbalance among different systems of the Body.
Abrupt Initiation of Phonation
- Hyperadduction & stiffening of VFs prior to onset of phonation
- Build up of subglottal air before initiation of phonation
Pressed Phonation
- Hyperadduction & excessive stiffness of VFs
- Excessive subglottal pressure
- Stiffness above & below glottis
- Abrupt initiation of voice
- Long closed phase of vibration
Strident
- Hyperadduction & excessive stiffness of VFs
- Excessive subglottal pressure
- Increased stiffness of vocal tract
- Abrupt initiation of voice
Strained-Strangled
- Hyperadduction of arytenoid cartilages & vocalis muscle – Learned behavior or neurologically based
- High subglottal air pressure
- Small range of excursion of VFs due high muscle tone
Persistent Falsetto
- Excessive length & stiffness of VFs
- Excessive elevation of larynx (extrinsic laryngeal muscles)
- Decreased space between hyoid bone & thyroid cartilage
- Tightness in jaw & tongue
Virilized
- VFs shortened & stiffened
- Larynx lowered in throat (extrinsic laryngeal muscles)
- Reduced air flow between VFs
Inappropriate Pitch Variability:
Inappropriate Pitch Variability: Excessive changes in length of VFs
Inappropriate Pitch Variability- Monopitch: VFs excessively stiffened
Inappropriate Pitch Variability - Excessive Pitch Changes: VF stiffness varies excessively
Limited Pitch Range (loss highs and lows)
Excessive, passive stiffness of VFs
Changes in Resonance… Can Cause (3)
Hypernasality
Hyponasality
Back quality
Hypernasality
- Changes in resonance
- Ineffective closure of velopharyngeal port
- Nasal emissions
Hyponasality
- Changes in resonance
- Excessive closure of velopharyngeal port (swollen adenoids)
- Nasal congestion
Back Quality
- Changes in resonance
- Excessive dilation of the pharyngeal musculature
Breath Control….can cause (4)
Fading at end of Breath Groups
Inappropriate Loudness
Inappropriate Loudness Variability
Limited Loudness Range
Fading at end of Breath Groups
- Decreased abdominal support
- Inadequate inhalation to support length and duration of connected speech and singing
- Inefficient checking action
- Air leak at level of glottis
Inappropriate Loudness
Quiet
- Inadequate inhalation
- Inadequate medial compression of vocal folds
- Vocal fold paresis or paralysis
- Gaps anterior and posterior to a lesion
Loud
- Inadequate checking action
- Excessive medial compression of vocal folds
Inappropriate Loudness Variability
- Inadequate inhalation
- Inefficient breath control – Checking action
Limited Loudness Range
- Insufficient expiratory drive
- Inefficient breath control – Checking action
- Air leak at level of glottis
- Excessive medial compression of VFs
