Lecture 2 Flashcards
What are the Building Blocks of the Cells
Amino Acids, Nucleobases, Simple Carbohydrates and Lipids
What Macromolecules do Building Blocks form
Proteins- from amino acids DNA (nucleic acid)- from nucleobases RNA (nucleic acid)- from nucleobases Complex Carbohydrates Lipids
What are Supramolecular assemblies
Membranes, ribosomes and Chromatin
What are the main Organelles
nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi and Endoplasmic Recticulum
What are Macromolecules
Large polymeric and non-polymeric molecules (lipids)
What are polymeric molecules
molecules created by the polymerisation of building blocks
What are simple carbohydrates
Monosaccharide-one building block that forms a simple carbohydrate
A disaccharide-two monosaccharide joined that forms a simple carbohydrate
What are complex carbohydrates
Oligosaccharides- 3-10 monosaccharide
Polysaccharides- 10 or more monosaccharide
What is a hexose monosaccharide
a 6 carbon monosaccharide that becomes the building block of higher order carbohydrates
What is a Pentose Monosaccharide
a 5 carbon monosaccharide that becomes part of larger molecules such as nucleic acids
What are the functions of Carbohydrates
Recognition- of other cells/proteins, viruses and toxins
Energy- energy storage polysaccharides- starch, glucose
Structure- Structural polysaccharides- cellulose (plant)
What are Proteins
polymers of 20 amino acids
What are the Functions of proteins
Structural, regulatory, contractile, transport, storage, protective, catalytic and toxic
What are lipids
Non-polymeric molecules, it is a heterogeneous meaning large molecule, diverse structure and function
What is hydrophobic
something that doesn’t like water, repels close to it
