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Pediatric audiology CD 674 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Gestation period is how long?

A

40 weeks - varies depending on animal

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2
Q

Premature birth is before the ___ week

A

37th

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3
Q

_______ one of the most important events in prenatal development, and marks the beginning of rapid development of the embryo

A

Gastriculation

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4
Q

________ is the skin, hair, nail, sensory epithelia of the ear, eye, nose, and CNS and PNS.

A

Ectoderm

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5
Q

The mesoderm consists of what (7)?

A
  1. cartilage
  2. bone
  3. connective tissue
  4. smooth muscle
  5. heart
  6. kidney
  7. spleen
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6
Q

What does the endoderm consist of? (3)

A
  1. epithelial tissue of digestive and respiratory tract
  2. eustachian tube
  3. tympanic cavity
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7
Q

Which stage in embryology do these occur?

  • All major organ system begin and undergo critical development
  • embryo achieves human-like appearance
A

embryonic stage

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8
Q

Which stage in embryology do these occur?

  • crucial development period
  • most susceptible to teratogens
    • exposure results in death or congenital anomalies affecting multiple organ systems
A

embryonic stage

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9
Q

Which stage in embryology do these occur?

  • flat trilaminar disk folds into a cylindrical shape
  • by the end of the ___th week, 4 pairs of branchial or pharyngeal arches are discernible
  • otic pits (develop into the sensory structure of the inner ear) are visible as thickening on the lateral surface
A

embryonic stage

- 4th

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10
Q

Which stage in embryology do these occur?

  • enlargement of the head an differentiation of structures in the limbs
  • In the __th week, structures important to the fututre development of the external ear emerge.
    • several small swellings (auricular hillocks) develop around the groove between the 1st and 2nd branchial arches
A

embryonic stage

6th week

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11
Q

Which stage in embryology do these occur?

In the __th week facial features are clearly distinguishable. Ears are low-set but show the EAC and auricles

A

embryonic stage

8th week

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12
Q

Which stage in embryology do these occur?

  • rapid growth of body structures and growth and differentiation of tissues and major organ systems
  • body growth acceleration occurs in the __th week
A

Fetal development

9th

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13
Q

in the __th week external ears become repositioned through growth of head

A

16th

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14
Q

during the __th week structures important to the future development of the external ear emerge

A

6th

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15
Q

major features of the ears, face, and palate differentiate primarily during the _th through __th week

A

4-8

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16
Q

Formation and evolution of the branchial arch during - weeks are major events in the development of the external and middle ear
- inner ear develops simultaneously but from different embryonic tissue

A

4-8 weeks

17
Q

External initiated by formation of branchial arches.

Swellings around the 1st branchial arch around week _ grow and fuse to be a recognizable ear by about the _th week

A
  • week 5

- - 8th week

18
Q

Through the _th week of development the EAM is occluded by a solid tissue plug.
- EAM opens during the _ week

A

20th

21st

19
Q

By the _ 1/2 weeks the incus and malleus have attained complete cartilaganeous form.
-all ossicles start to ossify during the _th month of development

A
  • 8

- 4th

20
Q

____ are the first bone in the human body to attain adult size

A

Ossicles

21
Q

Inner ear development: Sensory structures derived from ectoderm tissue thickenings on lateral surface of head. The thickenings become apparent around the _th week

A

4

22
Q

Inner ear development:

  • In the _th week the cochlear pouch begins to coil
  • in the _th week 1.5 coils are present
  • in the _th week 2.5 coils are present
  • The membraneous cochlea continues to grow through _ weeks
A
  • 6th
  • 8th
  • 9th
  • 16
23
Q

Inner Ear Development:
In the _th - _th week sensory structures are developing from cells within the membranous labyrinth
• As the labyrinth development finalizes, 6 sensory structures develop
- three ampullae of the SCC
- the maculae of the saccule and utricle - organ of corti

A

17th-20th

24
Q
  • _ weeks- full number of adult hair calls is apparent
  • _th week- mature synaptic patterns on the IHC
  • Rudimentary functional hearing is achieved around the _th week
  • _-_th week- OHC reach adult configuration
  • _th week- cochlea has achieved its final size and structure - growth and development are COMPLETE
A
  • 17
    -20th
    -20th
    22nd-25th
    34th
25
Q

___ ___ only sensory organ to reach full adult size and differentiation by fetal midterm • Fully developed at birth

A

inner ear

26
Q

Cochlea to cortex: - weeks: afferent connections from IHC to the brainstem are established - almost at same time- more central nuclei in the brainstem and auditory cortex are developed and connected

A

20-30

27
Q

Constant stimuli needed for survival of neurons & synapses - intrinsic- spontaneous activity - extrinsic- acoustically drive activity

A

Cochlea to cortex

28
Q

Fetal Response to Auditory Stimuli can do what?

A

Can evaluate hearing of a fetus with reflex responses

  • startle
  • body movement/ reduction in movement - auropalpebral reflex
  • change in heart rate
29
Q

Auditory System Malformations - name them

A

Auricular appendages/ skin tags
• Microtia
• Anotia
• Usually accompanied by malformations of the EAM ; ME

30
Q

Three superimposed cellular plates, “germ cell layers” are established during ______. This occurs in the _______ stage and in week ___.

A

gastrulation
Pre-embryonic stage
3

31
Q

What are the three germ layers established in gastrulation?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

32
Q

The skin, hair, nail, sensory epithelial, CNS and PNS are the ______

A

ectoderm

33
Q

The mesoderm includes:

A 
cartilage
bone
connective tissue
smooth muscle
heart
kidney
spleen
34
Q

The endoderm includes:

A

epithelial tissue of digestive and respiratory tract
Eustachian tube
tympanic cavity

35
Q

Three Stages:

  1. Pre-embryonic
  2. Embryonic
  3. Fetal
A
  1. 2-3 weeks
  2. 4th to 8th week
  3. 9 weeks to term

Pediatric audiology CD 674 (6 decks)

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