Lecture 1 Flashcards
Approximately _____ new babies with HL are identified every year
12,000
Approximately _____-______ infants and children between birth and 3 years old acquire late- onset hearing loss
4,00-6,000
______ is the most common birth defect
HL
Infants who spend time in the care nursery during the newborn period are at higher risk for _____
HL
92% of children with permanent HL are born to 2 parents who have permanent HL, 1 parent with permanent HL, or to 2 hearing parents.
2 hearing parents
____ _____ is the most common infectious disease of childhood, and is the most common cause of hearing loss,
Ear infections
An estimated __% of very young children’s knowledge is attributed to “_____ _____” of sounds around them
90; incidental reception
Approximately 3-5 children in ____ are born with congenital, significant, permanent, bilateral hearing loss. And an additional __ in ___children will acquire deafness in childhood
1000
3 in 1000
How many infants are born each day with hearing loss?
33
In 1993 fewer than __% of infants were screened for HL prior to leaving the hospital. In 2010, the number increased to more than __%
5%; 98%
What is the goal of Early Hearing Detection & Intervention (EHDI)
To maximize linguistic competence and literacy development for children who are deaf or hard of hearing
What is the importance of Early Hearing Detection & Intervention (EHDI)?
Until the 1990s, children with permanent HL were not identified until 2 1/2 to 3 years old. Now, they are identified at 2-3 months of age.
If HL which is not adequately diagnosed and treated affect what areas of development?
- speech
- language
3, academics - emotional
- psycho social
True or false? Children with HL have to repeat a grade more often than their peers
True
True or False? Children with HL have feelings of isolation and frustration.
True
The Holistic Approach: To be an effective pediatric care provider, one need to think about children holistically. This includes what considerations?
- degree, type, and configuration of HL
- language
- speech
- cognitive factors
- genetics
- family environment
- developmental changes
Outer ear anatomy includes?
Auricle (aka pinna)
External auditory meatus (aka ear canal)
Physiology of the outer - what does?
- collects and resonates sound
- protection of the middle ear
- assists in sound localization
- amplifies high frequencies
Outer ear hearing loss is what type of HL?
Conductive HL
- otitis externa
- impacted cerumen
- aural atresia
- foreign object in the EAC
What is an otoscopy?
An instrument used to look into the ear
_____ is a concave disk-like structure that is the border between the outer and middle ear and is made up of three layers: outer surface, fibrous surface, and inner surface
Tympanic membrane
What is the middle ear filled with?
air
Middle ear anatomy: what does the ME consist of?
- Ossicles: ear bones; smallest bones in the human body
- Eustachian tube
- Ligaments
- Two muscles
Middle ear physiology - what does the ME do?
- Impedance -matching the transfer of energy between air and fluid -Equalizes pressure between ME cavity and nasopharynx - Transmits sound from TM to the cochlea - Applies force to the oval window
What are the types of middle ear HL?
- otitis media
- otosclerosis
- cholesteatoma
Inner Ear Anatomy consists of what?
- Auditory labyrinth: cochlea
- Vestibular labrynths: semicircular canals
-Basilar Membrane
-Organ of Corti (contains sensory cells of
hearing.
Cochlea is the end organ of ______.
-Hearing
Inner Ear Physiology: What does it do?
- Cochlear wave mechanics
- stapes footplate rocks back and forth
in oval window, which creates a wave
within the cochlear fluids that displaces
the scala media - vibration of the oval window
establishes a wave within the scala
vestibuli - Inward displacement of cochlear fluids
at oval window matched by outward
displacement via tound window, which
communicates directly with the scala
media.
- stapes footplate rocks back and forth
- Displacement pattern of basilar membrane
- wave moves from base to apex
- displacement of basilar membrane
amplified
- Fluid motion of traveling wave
-Generates nonelectrical impulses by
shearing action of the OHC- Auditory nerve organized so that each
characteristic frequency corresponds to
a place within the nerve bundle
(tonotopic organization)
- Auditory nerve organized so that each
- CN VIII is stimulated by inner hair cells
Inner Ear Hearing loss: type and causes?
Sensorineural HL
Causes: presbycusis, noise exposure, and ototoxic medications
How sound travels through the ear - name the energy for each.
Outer ear, Middle ear, Inner ear, and auditory nerve.
Outer ear- acoustic energy
Middle ear- mechanical energy
Inner ear- electro-chemical energy
Auditory nerve- electrical energy
True or False?
HL can result in delays in development of receptive and expressive language
True
JCIH is here for what 2 things?
- early detection
2. early intervention
What are the consequences of delaying hearing loss identification?
children won’t have appropriate opportunities to learn language. They will fall behind their peers in communication, cognition, reading and social-emotional development
An estimated ___ ______ school days are missed each year due to otitis media
5 million
