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Physiology Exam 1 Semester 1 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of a cell membrane?

A

Hydrophilic heads with hydrophobic tails. has integral and peripheral proteins attached for movement.

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2
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Use carrier proteins to speed things up, does not require energy, occurs down an electrochemical gradient
A uniporter has binding sites that are alternately available on either side of the membrane.

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3
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of particles from region of high concentration to low concentration.

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4
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water from high to low concentration across semipermeable membrane.

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5
Q

How is osmotic pressure generated?

A

When water moves across a cell membrane because of the concentration differences water will accumulate on one side of the membrane. This will create higher pressure on one side of the membrane. Increase in pressure is called osmotic pressure.

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6
Q

What is active transport?

A

Energy dependent transporters

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7
Q

What is primary active transport vs secondary active transport?

A

Primary: Requires ATPase
Secondary: Requires multiporters

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8
Q

What are the factors affecting diffusion?

A

Concentration differences, electrical differences and pressure differences

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9
Q

What are multiporters?

A

Symporters and antiporters

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10
Q

Name the non-gated channels.

A

Aquaporins and ion channels

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11
Q

Name the gated channels.

A

Ligand and voltage gated channels

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12
Q

What are the types of protein channels?

A

Non-gated channels and gated channels

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of non-gated channels?

A

Aquaporins, potassium channels with selectivity filters with carbonyl oxygens, sodium channels

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of gated channels?

A

Voltage gated channels

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15
Q

What channels are also called leak channels?

A

Non-gated channels

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16
Q

What is the function of the selectivity filter and how does it work?

A

Selective for K+ because when go through filter it will strip H2O

17
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of particles against a concentration/electrochemical gradient.

18
Q

What does symport mean?

A

Transporting 2 ions in the same direction

19
Q

What does carrier mediated transport include?

A

facilitated diffusion

20
Q

What is an excitable cell?

A

Cells in which an action potential can be induced

21
Q

What are examples of excitable cells?

A

Neurons, skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells

22
Q

What are the characteristics of the cell body?

A
  1. Houses nucleus
  2. Characterized by local potentials
    3.
23
Q

What are the characteristics of dendrites?

A
  1. Cellular extension of the neuron
  2. characterized by the presence of ligand gated ion channels (how the neuron talks to each other)
  3. Dendrites conduct local potentials
24
Q

What are the characteristics of an axon?

A
  1. Single axon with different length
  2. Covered by the plasma membrane
  3. Axolemma is characterized by the presence of voltage gated ion channels and the ability to conduct the action potential
25
Q 
Which of the following would have to be a transmembrane protein?
A. A receptor protein
B. A protein binding to the cytoskeleton
C. A channel protein
D. A phosphorylase
A

C. Channel protein

26
Q

Which organelle is directly associated with the synthesis of proteins for secretion?

A

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

The sodium glucose pump is an example of which kind of transport?

A

Secondary active transport

28
Q

The sodium potassium pump is an example of which kind of transport?

A

Primary active transport

29
Q

The sodium calcium pump is an example of which kind of transport?

A

Secondary active transport

30
Q

Glucose transporters (GLUT) employ what kind of transport?

A

Facilitated diffusion

Physiology Exam 1 Semester 1 (7 decks)

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