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Behavioral Endocrinology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hypothalamus function?

A

Control of hormone secretion

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2
Q

What is the pineal gland function?

A

Reproduction maturation; body rhythms

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3
Q

What is the anterior pituitary function?

A

Hormone secretion by thyroid, adrenal cortex, and gonads; growth

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4
Q

What is the posterior pituitary function?

A

Water balance; salt balance

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5
Q

What is the thyroid function?

A

Growth and development; metabolic rate

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6
Q

What is the adrenal cortex function?

A

Salt and carbohydrate metabolism; inflammatory reactions

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7
Q

What is the adrenal medulla function?

A

Emotional arousal

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8
Q

What is the pancreas function?

A

Sugar metabolism

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9
Q

What is the gut function?

A

Digestion and appetite control

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10
Q

What is the gonad function?

A

Body development; maintenance of reproductive organs in adults

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11
Q

What are exogenous hormones?

A

Hormones from the environment (ie: steroids, pills, chemicals)

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12
Q

What was Berthold’s experiment?

A

He castrated chicks in order to see what the effects of castration alone versus castration with reimplantation of testis versus castration and transplantation of testis

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13
Q

In Berthold’s experiment, what happened to the chicks that were castrated?

A

Canonization
Small comb and wattles
No interest in hens
No aggression towards other males

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14
Q

In Berthold’s experiment, what were the effects of castration and reimplantation of testis?

A

Normal male development
Normal comb and wattles
Normal male behaviors

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15
Q

In Berthold’s experiment, what were the effects of castration and transplantation of testis?

A

Normal male development
Normal comb and wattles
Normal male behaviors

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16
Q

What are the three classes of evidence to establish hormones and behavior relationships?

A

The behavior disappears when the hormone is removed or blocked
Replacing the hormone reinstates the behavior
Hormone concentrations and the behavior covariant (behavior occurs when hormone concentration is high; never or rarely when hormone concentrations are low)

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17
Q

What are the four things that Make neural transmission different from hormonal communication?

A

Hormone concentration
Pattern of hormone release
Hormone receptor (number and location)
Efficiency of receptors to trigger a response

18
Q

What causes Zebra finches to sing? Levels of analysis:

A 
Levels of analysis: 
Immediate causation 
Development
Evolution
Adaptive function
19
Q

Hormonal responses to viewing a soccer match: who has higher testosterone levels?

A

Males at all moments

20
Q

Hormonal responses to viewing a soccer match: who has higher cortisol levels

A

At 20:15, females have higher levels
At 21:20, males are slightly higher
At 23:15, males are almost doubled as high

21
Q

How do you perform ablation and replacement in Berthold’s experiment for example?

A
  1. Gland that is suspected to be the source of a hormone affecting a hormone is surgically removed
  2. The effects of removal are observed
  3. The hormone is replaced by reimplanting the removed gland, or injecting a purified hormone
  4. Determine whether the consequence of ablation is reversed by replacement therapy
22
Q

What are the two types of immunoassay?

A

RIA

EIA/ELISA

23
Q

How do you perform radioimmunoassay?

A
  1. Test tubes are prepared, each containing a known amount of an antibody to the hormone of interest
  2. A purified sample of he hormone is labeled with some easily detectable substance
  3. Sufficient labeled hormone is mixed with the antibody to saturate all binding sites
  4. In some test tubes, the unbound hormone is washed away, and the amount of labeled hormone bound to the antibody is recorded
  5. In other test tubes, a sample of unlabeled hormone at a known concentration is added to the mix, which displaces some of the labeled hormone. The decrease in the amount of label bound to the antibody is proportional to the amount of unlabeled hormone added
  6. By repeating the process using unlabeled hormone at increasing concentrations, a standard curve is created that can be used to determine whether the hormone is present, and at what concentration, in an unknown sample
24
Q

What question do radioimmunoassays answer?

A

How much hormone

25
Q

What do home pregnancy tests use a form of?

A

EIA

26
Q

Immunocytochemistry

A

Identifying neurons that produce a particular hormone or neurotransmitter

27
Q

What question does immunocytochemistry answer?

A

Where in the body is the hormone or receptor

28
Q

What is the process of immunocytochemistry?

A

Use an antibody (against NT)

Attach a second antibody to the first that is labeled

29
Q

What are pharmacological techniques?

A

The use of chemical agents that may alter the action or function of a Hormone

30
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A hormone mimic

31
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Hormone blocker

32
Q

Cannulation

A

Chronic in dwelling

33
Q

Single injection

A

Using a syringe and needle

34
Q

Dark eyed Junco

A

Juncos have been studied in the field to understand the role of testosterone in behavior and physiology
Singing songbird
Behavioral scientists must take care not to attribute motives (eg: hunger, fear, happiness) to animals based only on introspection and must make an effort to observe behaviors as objectively as possible

35
Q

Immediate causation

A

Encompasses the underlying physiological, or proximate, mechanisms responsible for a given behavior
Answer to example zebra finches question: Zebra finches sing because blood estrogen concentrations are high

36
Q

Developmental (level of analysis)

A

The role of experience in individual behavior
Concerns the full range of the organism’s lifetime from conception to death
Answer example: zebra finches sing because they have undergone puberty or because they learned the songs from their fathers

37
Q

Evolution (level of analysis)

A

Involve many generations of animals and address the ways that specific behaviors change during the course of natural selection
Answer example: zebra finches sing because they are finches and that all finches sing because they have evolved from a common ancestral species that sang

38
Q

Adaptive function (levels of analysis)

A

The role of any structural, physiological or behavioral processes that increases an individual’s fitness to survive and reproduce as compared with other conspecifics
Answer example: zebra finches sing because this behavior increases the likelihood that they will reproduce by attracting females to their territories and/or dissuading competing allies from interacting with their mates

39
Q

What question does autoradiography answer?

A

where in the body is the hormone or hormone receptor?

40
Q

What question does in situ hybridization answer?

A

Where is the hormone being produced and in what quantity?

Behavioral Endocrinology (5 decks)

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