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Microbiology Final Exam > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Prokaryotes

A

differ from eukaryotes in size and simplicity

Most lack internal membrane systems

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2
Q

Prokaryotes =

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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3
Q

Bacterial Cell Shape

A

Cocci and rods most common

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4
Q

Bacterial Cell Arrangement

A

Determined by plane of division

Determined by separation or not

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5
Q

Mycelium

A

Network of long, multinucleate filaments

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6
Q

Pleomorphic

A

Organisms that are variable in shape

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7
Q

Bacterial Cell Organization

A

Cell envelope – 3 layers
Cytoplasm
External structures

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8
Q

phospholipids

A

Polar ends

Non-polar tails

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9
Q

Polar ends

A

Hydrophilic

Interact with water

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10
Q

Membrane Proteins

A

Peripheral (20-30% of total membrane protein) and are loosely connected to the membrane

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11
Q

Membrane Proteins

A

Integral (70-80% of total membrane protein)

Amphipathic – embedded within membrane

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12
Q

Amphipathic

A

Possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic qualities

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13
Q

hopanoids

A

Stabilize membrane

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14
Q

Macroelements

A

C, O, H, N, S, P

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15
Q

Micronutrients

A

Trace Elements

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16
Q

Amino acids

A

Needed for protein synthesis

17
Q

Purines and pyrimidines

A

Needed for nucleic acid synthesis

18
Q

Vitamins

A

Function as enzyme cofactors

19
Q

Heme

A

Iron

20
Q

Uptake of Nutrients

A

Facilitated diffusion – all microorganisms
Active transport – all microorganisms
Group translocation – Bacteria and Archaea
Endocytosis – Eukarya only

21
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

carrier proteins

Movement of molecules is not energy dependent

22
Q

Active Transport

A

Energy-dependent process
ATP or proton motive force (PMF) used
Move molecules against the concentration gradient

23
Q

Three types of Active Transport

A

Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Group translocation

24
Q

Primary active transport

A

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters

25
Q

Secondary Active Transport

A

Use ion gradients to cotransport substances

26
Q

Group Translocation

A

Energy dependent transport that chemically modifies molecule as it is brought into cell

27
Q

Cell Wall Functions

A

Shape, Lysis, toxic materials,

28
Q

Gram-positive

A

stain purple

29
Q

Gram-negative

A

stain pink or red

30
Q

Peptidoglycan Structure

A

N- acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)

Microbiology Final Exam (9 decks)

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