Lecture 2/6 Flashcards
Cardiac
In mitral regurg, explain backflow. when does backflow start? when is it the fastest? What is happening to the volume in the L vent?
Backflow happens where pressure is higher in the L vent than the L atria.
Begins: beginning phase 2
Fastest in general: beginning phase 3
Fastest phase 4: beginning
Starts at beginning phase 2 –> ends at end of phase 4
Volume: decreasing during these phases bc blood going back into L atria
In mitral regurg, when we have _________ we have backflow
delta P
In mitral regurg, what effects the rate of backwars blood flow?
pressure in the L vent
-volume in the atria
In mitral regurg, the less volume in the atria during systole the _______ backwards blood flow is
faster
In mitral regurg, describe the EF? why?
artificially high
the blood being ejected from the LV is not actually reaching the systemic circulation. Instead, a portion of it is regurgitating back into the L atrium
T/F: In mitral regurg, we can tell SV
F
No isometric phases
EF =
SV / EDV
or
(EDV - ESV) / EDV
What is a normal EF?
About 58%
70/120
Dilated cardiomyopathy causes EF to ________. Why?
Decrease
Thin/stretched out walls in vent makes it harder to pump blood out
Decreasing contractility = __________ EF and increasing contractilit = ___________ EF
decreased
increased
SV =
EDV - ESV
What are the 2 types of ventricle hypertropies? Describe the sacromeres in them. What causes this?
Eccentric LVH:
-thin wall (dilated)
-additional sacromeres in series
Causes: MI, congenital
Concentric LVH:
-thick walls (hypertrophied)
-additional sacremeres in parallel
Causes: increases afterload
The thyroid gland is below the _______
Thyroid cartilage/larynx
What is on the thyroid gland? What do they do?
Nodules that formed the parathyroid gland
Regulate parathyroid hormone –> controls Ca levels in the blood
The thyroid gland is responsible for controlling many things related to _________ in the body
Metabolism
The thyroid cartilage is a part of the ________ and is above the ___________. It contains the __________
Larynx
Thyroid gland
Adam’s apple
Describe the presentation of an enlarged thyroid gland. What is this called?
Protrusion of the neck
Goiter
Where does the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerve stem from?
R & L vagus nerve
What is another name for the R & L recurrent laryngeal nerve? Why/where is it called this?
“recurrent laryngeal nerve”: where the vagus nerve branches off and turns
“inferior laryngeal nerve”: after the part where the vagus nerve branches off and the laryngeal nerve straightens out to go back up to attach to the thyroid cartilage
What part of the thyroid gland comes in contact with the larynx?
The sides (this is why it’s called the thyroid cartilage)
The left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves run parallel to the _______
Trachea
What are the nerves that control the muscle box? What kind of muscles are in the muscle box?
The right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves
Small skeletal muscles
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve pass?
Under the aortic arch
The thyroid is important in what system?
CVS