Lecture 1-30 (Anatomy) Flashcards
Cardiac
The R vagus nerve handles the ______ node, and the L vagus nerve handles the_______ node
SA
AV
What happens to HR if you lose vagal stimulation?
Increases
Which is more active in the heart, vagal or sympathetic stimulation?
vagal
What is your heart rate without sympathetic stimulation?
60
Where is sympathetic stimulation more prominent?
Ventricles
Where is vagus stimulation more prominent?
SA/AV node
What are the three pericardial layers?
- Fibrous pericardium.
- Serous pericardium, parietal layer.
- Serous pericardium, visceral layer.
Describe the fibrous pericardium
-most outer layer
-rigid (not a lot of give)
-glued to the serous pericardium, parietal layer
Describe the serous pericardium, visceral layer
-Innermost layer
-transparent and very thin
-very stretchy (a lot of give)
-helps the heart move around w/o a lot of friction w/ filling and ejection
Which pair cardio layer covers the outside of the heart?
Serous pericardium, visceral layer
Describe the serous pericardium, parietal layer
-a part of the outer layer, but glued to the inside of the fibrous pericardium (between the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium, visceral layer)
-slippery
-also helps the heart move around
-doesn’t have a lot of give
T/F: The Serous pericardium, parietal layer has a lot of stretch and give
F
Glued to the fibrous pericardium, doesn’t have a lot of give, but it’s slippery
Electrical signal through cardiac cell is done via _____
Gap junctions
What are the two ions for AP cell conduction in cardiac cell? Most important?
Na (most important)
Ca (move slower because it’s bigger)
Describe the 2 layers in the ventricle
- Endocardial fibers.
- Epicardial fibers.
They are oriented at perpendicular angles
When the heart squeezes/ contracts they move in different directions. It’s similar to the motion of ringing out a towel. It is an efficient way to plant blood into a high-pressure system.
AV valves are between what?
Atria & ventricle
What is another name for cusps?
Leaflets
The actual parts of the valves, not the valves themselves, are called?
Cusps
Where are cusps attached?
The inside of the ventricle to Chordae tendineae
What are papillary muscles continuous with?
Ventricle muscle cells
What is Chordae tendineae attached to?
Cusps –> Chordae tendineae –> papillary muscles
The Chordae tendineae is what type of tissue?
connective tissue
When the ventricle contracts, the ________ contracts
papillary muscles
What are the supporting structures for the AV valves? What do they do?
Papillary muscles
When the pressure is high in the ventricle, they prevent the AV valves from getting blown back into the atria