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Athletic Injury > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

trauma

A

physical injury or wound that is produced by an external or internal force

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2
Q

load

A

external force or forces acting on internal tissue

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3
Q

stiffness

A

ability of a tissue to resist a load

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4
Q

stress

A

internal resistance to an external load

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5
Q

strain

A

extent of deformation of tissue under loading

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6
Q

deformation

A

change in shape of a tissue

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7
Q

elasticity

A

property that allows a tissue to return to normal following deformation

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8
Q

yield point

A

elastic limit of tissue

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9
Q

plastic

A

deformation of tissue that exists after the load is removed

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10
Q

creep

A

deformation of tissues that occurs with application of a constant load over time

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11
Q

mechanical failure

A

exceeding the ability to withstand stress and strain, causing tissue to break down

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12
Q

injuries

A

caused by external forces directed on the body that result in internal alteration in anatomical structures that are of sufficient magnitude to cause damage or destruction to that tissue

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13
Q

compression

A

external loads applied toward one another in opposite directions

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14
Q

tension

A

a force that pulls or stretches tissue. equal and opposite external loads that pull a structure apart

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15
Q

shearing

A

equal but not directly opposite loads are applied to opposing surfaces to more in parallel directions relative to one another

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16
Q

bending

A

4 point: two force pairs act at opposite ends of a structure
3 point: three forces cause bending
axial load: when an already bowed structure in axially loaded

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17
Q

torsion

A

twisting in opposite directions from the opposite ends of a structure

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18
Q

skeletal muscle

A
  • composed of contractile cells, called fibers
  • produce movement
  • have connective tissue covering
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19
Q

tendon

A
  • band of dense connective tissue that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone
  • usually cord-like, but occasionally broad/flat (aponeurosis)
  • sometimes covered by a tendon sheath whose layers slide along each other as the tendon moves to decrease friction
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20
Q

Fascia

A
  • dense sheet of connective tissue that lines the body wall
  • in the limbs, fascia separates each region into compartments whose muscles tend to have similar actions and innervations
  • around some joints, there are thickened bands of fascia called retinacula that help keep tendons anchored down
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21
Q

Types of muscular injuries

A

strains, cramps, gaurding, spasm, soreness, tendinitis/tendinosis, tenosynovitis, and contusions

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22
Q

Cramps

A

involuntary muscle contraction

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23
Q

Gaurding

A

muscle contraction in response to pain

24
Q

Spasm

A

reflex reaction caused by trauma

25
Q

Soreness

A

caused by overexertion in exercise (ex: DOMS)

26
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

inflamation of tendon and its synovial sheath

27
Q

Muscle strains

A

stretch, tear or rip to muscle or adjacent tissue

28
Q

Grade 1 strain

A

some fibers have been stretched resulting in tenderness and pain

29
Q

Grade 2 strain

A

number of fibers have been torn, usually a depression or divot is palpable, some swelling and discoloration result

30
Q

grade 3 strain

A

complete rupture of muscle or musculotendinous junction, significant impairment, with initially great deal of pain that diminishes due to nerve damage

31
Q

Tendinitis

A
  • gradual onset, with diffuse tenderness due to repeated microtrauma and degenerative changes
  • inflammation of the tendon
  • obvious signs of swelling and pain
  • crepitus(sticking of tendon due to inflammatory by-products on irritated tissue
32
Q

Tendinosis

A

a result of improper healing of tendinitis

33
Q

Tendinopathy

A

refers to both tendinitis and tendinosis

34
Q

Contusion

A
  • bruise

- hematoma results from blood and lymph flow into surrounding tissue

35
Q

Myositis ossificans

A

generation of calcium deposits due to chronically inflamed and contused tissue

36
Q

Ligament

A
  • thick band of dense connective tissue that resists a particular force
37
Q

Extracapsular ligament

A

a ligament located outside the articular capsule

38
Q

Intracapsular ligament

A

a ligament located inside the articular capsule

39
Q

Meniscus

A

pad of fibrocartilage between the articular surfaces that absorbs shock & increases the stability of the joint

40
Q

Labrum

A

Ring of fibrocartilage surrounding the “socket” of ball-and-socket jounts that increases the stability of the joint

41
Q

Bursa

A

fluid-filled sac-like structure located between tissue to reduce friction

42
Q

Types of joint injuries

A

ligament sprain, dislocation/subluxation, osteoarthritis, and bursitis

43
Q

Ligament sprain

A

stretch, tear or rip of ligament

44
Q

Grade 1 sprain

A

some stretching of ligament fibers. some pain, minimal loss of function, no abnormal motion, and mild point tenderness

45
Q

Grade 2 sprain

A

some tearing of ligament fibers. pain, moderate loss of function, swelling, and instability with tearing and separation of ligament fibers

46
Q

Grade 3 sprain

A

total tearing of the ligament. Extremely painful, inevitable loss of function, sever instability and swelling, and may also represent subluxation

47
Q

Dislocation

A

Bone is forced out of alignment and stays out until it is manually or surgically reduced

48
Q

Subluxation

A

Bone is forced out of alignment but goes back into place

49
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

50
Q

Types of fractures

A

open, closed, greenstick, spiral, avulsion, comminuted,

51
Q

Open fracture

A

Displacement of the fracture causes bone to break through tissue

52
Q

Closed fracture

A

Little movement or displacement, does not penetrate superficial tissue

53
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Incomplete break in bones that have not completely ossified

54
Q

Spiral fracture

A

S-shaped separation

55
Q

Avulsion fracture

A

Separation of bone fragment from its cortex at an attachment of a ligament or tendon

56
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Three or more fragments at the fracture site

Athletic Injury (5 decks)

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