Lecture #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the 2 people credited for the developing the theory of evolution?

A

Darwin & Wallace

-Wallace independently came up with the same idea as Darwin

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2
Q

What was Aristotles theory on evolution?

A

he believed that species were fixed and no not evolve

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3
Q

What did other Greeks believe?

A

That we were created originally in our ‘ultimate form’ and we gradually degenerate overtime

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4
Q

Who put a date on creation?

A

Arch Bishop James Usher (1581-1656)

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5
Q

What is the actual date of creation?

A

4004BC

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6
Q

What was Buffons idea about fossils?

A

That organisms arose from the fossilized ones

-people didn’t like this idea

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7
Q

What did Lamarck propose?

A
  • He seriously proposed the idea of evolution

- The inheritance of acquired characteristic

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8
Q

What other idea did Darwin come up with after his travels?

A

The idea of “decent with modification” through the process of natural selection

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9
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the Darwinian theory of evolution?

A
  1. Individuals vary (accumulate differences from their ancestors)
  2. The force driving evolution is Natural Selection
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10
Q

What is differential reproduction?

A

Adapted individuals leave more descendants than those less adapted

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11
Q

What is the variation within species due to?

A

Mutation

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12
Q

What is a Character State?

A

Is the various possible form of that character

-some of these states are adaptive

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13
Q

How do the arrangements of fossils appear?

A

in historical sequence from least complex–> more complex

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14
Q

When did Earth form?

A

4.5 BYA

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15
Q

When did life originate?

A

at least 3.5 BYA

-heterotrophs feeding on simple carbs

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16
Q

When did phototrophs originate?

17
Q

When did Eukaryotes originate?

18
Q

When did multi celled animals originate?

19
Q

When did Fungi originate?

20
Q

When do we think the 1st vascular plants arose?

21
Q

Why was the Cambrian period important? (570-510)

A

Thought to have seen explosive evolution of phyla

22
Q

What happened in the Ordovician? (510-439)

A

Possible invasion of land plants (400MYA)

23
Q

What happened in the Silurian period? (439-408)

A

First fossil plants

24
Q

What happened in the Devonian period? (408-362)

A

Diversification of land plants

25
What happened in the Carboniferous period? (362-290)
It was the age of spore bearing plants
26
What kind of plant originated in the Permian period? (290-245)
Origin of conifers
27
Why was coal able to form in the Carboniferous period?
Organic matter wouldn't get decomposed because there was: - no O2 - no fungi/bacteria to decompose it - Acidic water conditions
28
When were Seeds invented?
300 MYA
29
What did we see more of in the Triassic period?
Gymnosperms and Ferns
30
When do we thing the first angiosperms appeared?
In the Jurassic period | -the first evidence of them was found in the cretaceous
31
What type of plants become the dominant form in the Cretaceous?
Angiosperms
32
What survived the asteroid in the Cenozoic period?
Angiosperms and the insects | -both continued to diversify
33
Who thought the continents used to be all together?
Wagner
34
When did the continents start to drift apart?
End of Permian Period | ~250 MYA