Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SP2 Integumentary > Lecture 2/5 1/24/25 & 2/3/25 > Flashcards

Lecture 2/5 1/24/25 & 2/3/25 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of pyoderma?

A

-common in dogs
-rare in cats
-develops secondary to underlying disease, allergy, immunosuppression, or change in microenvironment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What typically causes pyoderma in cats?

A

self trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the physical barriers to infection?

A

-stratum corneum
-hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the physiologic barriers to infection?

A

-cell turnover rate
-sebum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the immunologic barriers to infection?

A

-Langerhans cells
-lymphocytes
-immunoglobulins
-sweat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the skin flora differ between a healthy animal and an animal with pyoderma?

A

pyoderma has non-diverse bacteria, while healthy patients have diverse skin flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What aspects of disease allow for pyoderma development?

A

-alteration of barrier function
-alteration of microenvironment
-suppression of immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the steps to bacteria causing pyoderma?

A

-adherence to the skin
-colonization of the skin
-invasion of abnormal skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which bacteria species is the primary residential on the skin?

A

Staphylococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which bacteria can be transients on the skin?

A

-E. coli
-Proteus spp.
-Pseudomonas spp
-Staph.
-Strep.
-Corynebacterium spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can transient bacteria do once on the skin?

A

-colonize abnormal skin
-become a secondary invader to Staph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which Staph. species are of greatest concern?

A

-Staph. pseudintermedius
-Staph. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the characteristics of concerning Staph. species?

A

-coagulase positive
-beta-lactamase positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics of methicillin resistance?

A

-implies resistance to drugs with beta-lactam ring structure
-altered penicillin binding protein with a poor affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is multi-drug resistance?

A

resistance to 3 or more antibiotic classes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is extensive drug resistance?

A

only 1 or 2 antibiotic classes remain that the bacteria is NOT resistant to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the pyoderma classifications?

A

-surface colonization/bacterial overgrowth
-superficial
-deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the characteristics of skin fold dermatitis/intertrigo?

A

-skin folds are anatomic defect
-can see erythema, exudation, +/- pruritus within the folds
-can be malodorous
-must differentiate from folliculitis/furunculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is surface colonization diagnosed?

A

-history and physical exam
-scrape
-surface cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the treatment steps for surface colonization?

A

-cleanse with antibacterial agents
-keep dry
-NO steroid products
-NO systemic antibiotics
-surgical revision for severe folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is superficial pyoderma/folliculitis?

A

-infection under the stratum corneum and/or within the hair follicles
-typically Staph. pseudintermedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the characteristics of impetigo?

A

-“puppy pyoderma”/dogs < 1 year old
-occurs in non-haired areas
-can be pruritic or asymptomatic
-usually no underlying cause
-typically does not require treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the primary differential for impetigo?

A

Demodicosis spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is impetigo diagnosed?

A

-physical exam
-scrape
-cytology
-response to treatment/topical antimicrobials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What pattern of lesions is seen with folliculitis?

A

-lesions on trunk: can be generalized or ventral or dorsal in localization
-spares the legs and head

26
Q

What are the clinical signs of folliculitis?

A

-papules
-pustules
-crusted papules
-epidermal collarettes
-moth-eaten, patchy alopecia

27
Q

What is folliculitis secondary to?

A

an underlying disease process that damages the skin barrier function

28
Q

What are the most common causes of folliculitis?

A

-pyoderma
-demodicosis
-dermatophytosis
-sterile/autoimmune; pemphigus foliaceus

29
Q

What are the indicated diagnostic tests for folliculitis?

A

-deep skin scrape
-cytology of papule/pustule/crust
-+/- fungal culture

30
Q

What are the treatment steps for folliculitis?

A

-topical treatment; shampoo or spray
-systemic antibiotics
-corticosteroid “itch buster” course; 3-5 days

31
Q

Why should long courses of corticosteroids be avoided in folliculitis?

A

it causes the clinical signs to go away without treating the underlying cause; difficult to determine if true resolution has occurred

32
Q

What are the characteristics of pyotraumatic dermatitis?

A

-“hot spot”/acute moist dermatitis
-always acute
-caudal dorsum or facial lesions
-main cause is flea allergy dermatitis

33
Q

What are the treatment steps for pyotraumatic dermatitis?

A

-clip and clean
-topical antiseptics such as chlorhexidine
-AVOID topical steroids
-use oral steroids and/or anti-itch medications
-only use systemic antibiotics if indicated
-correct predisposing cause; typically fleas

34
Q

Why are oral steroids used to treat pyotraumatic dermatitis?

A

because it is a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

35
Q

What are the characteristics of furunculosis?

A

-infection spread beyond the follicle
-follicular rupture
-release of hair, keratin, and bacteria
-causes pyogranulomatous inflammation
-can cause nodules +/- draining tracts

36
Q

What can furunculosis be secondary to?

A

-allergic disease
-endocrinopathy
-abnormal barrier +/- immune system suppression
-possibly neoplasia

37
Q

What are the primary pathogens in furunculosis?

A

-Staph. pseudintermedius
-Pseudomonas spp.
-Serratia spp.
-Proteus spp.
-E. coli

38
Q

What is important regarding furunculosis treatment?

A

-must culture in most cases to determine effective treatment
-cytology findings and antibiotic history are important

39
Q

What are the clinical signs of furunculosis?

A

-papules to nodules
-hemorrhagic bullae
-draining lesions
-blood and pus
-lymphadenopathy
-painful +/- systemically ill

40
Q

What are the top differentials for furunculosis?

A

-infectious causes
-neoplasia
-foreign body
-sterile inflammatory conditions/autoimmune

41
Q

What are the steps to furunculosis diagnosis?

A

-history and physical exam
-deep skin scrape
-cytology
-culture and susceptibility
-blood work to look for underlying disease

42
Q

What are the characteristics of chin acne3?

A

-affects chin and muzzle
-typically in young dogs
-predilection for certain breeds
-may improve with puberty
-top rule out is demodicosis

43
Q

What are the characteristics of nasal pyoderma?

A

-occurs on bridge of nose and medial canthus
-NOT on nasal planum
-predilection for certain breeds
-sudden onset
-want to rule out demodicosis, dermatophytosis, and hypersensitivity

44
Q

What are the clinical signs of interdigital pyoderma?

A

-papules/nodules/bullae
-draining lesions
-lameness

45
Q

What are the characteristics of post-grooming furunculosis?

A

-typically Pseudomonas spp.
-signs present a few days after bathing
-deep, painful lesions; especially on dorsum
-neutrophils on cytology; may see rod bacteria
-should culture

46
Q

What are the characteristics of acral lick dermatitis?

A

-raised, ulcerated firm mas over the distal extremity
-secondary to chronic licking
-may be in response to pain or foreign body
-ALWAYS infected
-ALWAYS secondary

47
Q

What are the inciting causes of acral lick dermatitis?

A

-allergies
-arthritis
-infection
-previous trauma
-prior surgery
-neoplasia
-foreign body
-behavioral

48
Q

What are the perpetuating factors of acral lick dermatitis?

A

-bacterial infection
-keratin foreign bodies
-osteomyelitis

49
Q

How is acral lick dermatitis diagnosed?

A

-deep skin scrape
-cytology
-biopsy
-culture
-radiography

50
Q

What are the steps to treatment for acral lick dermatitis?

A

-treat underlying infection with 4-6 weeks of systemic antibiotics following a culture
-identify underlying cause
-+/- behavior modification to break cycle

51
Q

What are the characteristics of mucocutaneous pyoderma?

A

-superficial to deep pyoderma of lips or other mucosal sites
-presents with swelling, erythema, depigmentation, and crusting
-seen around nares, medial canthus, vulva, prepuce, anus
-can result from conformation, endocrinopathy, or allergy

52
Q

Which topical therapies can be used?

A

-chlorhexidine
-benzoyl peroxide
-mupirocin (focal)
-nisin wipes

53
Q

Which cases have an indication for topical therapy?

A

all cases except pets with contact allergies

54
Q

When is empirical systemic antibiotic treatment indicated?

A

-Staph. pseudintermedius
-uncomplicated superficial pyoderma
-recurrent infections when previous antibiotic treatment completely resolved infection

55
Q

Which antibiotics should NOT be used for empirical treatment?

A

-penicillin
-ampicillin
-amoxicillin
-tetracycline
-fluoroquinolones

56
Q

When is empirical treatment NOT indicated?

A

-deep infection
-poor response
-recurrent infections
-immunosuppression
-rods on cytology

57
Q

What duration of antibiotic therapy should be used?

A

first time superficial pyoderma and recurrent infections:
-minimum of 3 weeks
-1 week past clinical resolution
deep infections:
-6 to 12 weeks
-2 weeks past clinical resolution

58
Q

What can lead to treatment failure?

A

-antibacterial resistance
-wrong antibiotic, dose, and/or time frame
-wrong diagnosis

59
Q

What are the reasons for recurrence?

A

-incomplete duration of treatment
-underdosing
-concurrent steroid treatment
-underlying causes

60
Q

How is recurrent pyoderma managed?

A

-look for underlying cause
-complete consistent and frequent topical therapy
-avoid underdosage and brief durations of treatment

SP2 Integumentary (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions