Lecture 1 1/23/24 Flashcards
How does a primary derm lesion differ from a secondary derm lesion?
primary:
-represents the disease process itself
secondary:
-consequence of the primary lesion
What is a macule/patch?
flat color change
What are the disease processes that can result in macules?
-hyperpigmentation
-vasodilation
-vasculitis
What is a papule?
a palpable, infiltrative lesion
What are the diseases processes that can result in papules?
-pyoderma
-demodicosis
-dermatophytosis
What is a pustule?
small raised lesion containing pus
What are the disease processes that can result in pustules?
-pyoderma
-pemphigus
What is a vesicle/bulla?
circular lesion containing clear fluid
What is the disease process that can result in vesicles/bullas?
blistering diseases
What is a wheal?
a raised immediate edema
What are the disease processes that can result in wheals?
-urticaria/hives/type 1 hypersensitivity
-vasculitis
What is a nodule?
massive infiltration of cells
What are the disease processes that can result in nodules?
-neoplasia
-inflammation
What is a tumor?
neoplastic enlargement
What is a cyst?
cavity of fluid or solid material
Which lesions are primary lesions?
-macule
-papule
-pustule
-vesicle/bulla
-wheal
-nodule
-tumor
-cyst
Which lesions are secondary lesions?
-epidermal collarettes
-crust
-scar
-excoriation
-erosion
-ulcer
-lichenification
-fissure
-callus
What is an epidermal collarette?
circular rim of scale
What is the disease process that can result in epidermal collarettes?
staphylococcal pyoderma
What is crust?
dried serum, pus, and/or cells
What are the disease processes that can result in crust?
-previous pustules
-erosions
-ulcers
What is a scar?
fibrosis replacing dermis
What are the disease processes that can result in scarring?
prior trauma/disease/wound
What is excoriation?
linear epidermal removal
What is the disease process that results in excoriation?
self-trauma
What is erosion?
non-continuous epidermis
What are the disease processes that can result in erosion?
-self-trauma
-immune-mediated
What is an ulcer?
area in which most of the epidermis is missing
What are the disease processes that can result in ulceration?
self-trauma
-immune-mediated
What is lichenification?
thickened hyperplastic skin
What are the disease processes that can result in lichenification?
-chronic inflammation
-self-trauma
What is a fissure?
damaged epidermis in a linear pattern
What are the disease processes that can result in a fissure?
-trauma
-other disease
What is a callus?
boney prominence and/or plaque
What are the disease processes that can result in a callus?
-chronic pressure
-poor healing
Which lesions can be primary or secondary lesions?
-alopecia
-scale
-follicular casts
-hyperpigmentation
-hypopigmentation
-comedo/comedones
What is alopecia?
hair not growing back/hair falling out
When is alopecia primary vs. secondary?
primary: non-inflammatory; endocrine or genetic
secondary: inflammatory; patient scratches out
What is scale?
loose pieces of keratinized skin/seborrhea
When is scale primary vs. secondary?
primary: cornification disorder
secondary: any inflammation
What are follicular casts?
concretions of surface and follicular debris
When are follicular casts primary vs. secondary?
primary: sebaceous adenitis
secondary: inflammation
What is hyperpigmentation?
overproduction of melanin
When is hyperpigmentation secondary?
post-inflammation
What is hypopigmentation?
loss of melanin production
When is hypopigmentation primary vs. secondary?
primary: vitiligo
secondary: post-inflammation
What are comedones?
plugged, dilated follicles
When are comedones primary vs. secondary?
primary: keratinization disorder
secondary: folliculitis
How does a macule differ from a patch?
-macule is less than 1cm
-patch is greater than 1cm
How does a papule differ from a plaque?
-papule is less than 1cm
-plaque is greater than 1cm
How does a vesicle differ from a bulla?
-vesicle is less than 1cm
-bulla is greater than 1 cm
Where should samples be taken when dealing with epidermal collarettes?
underneath the edge/lip
How does the distribution differ in pyoderma vs. pemphigus?
-pyoderma causes crusting just on the trunk
-pemphigus causes crusting all over the body
Which layers of tissue does an ulcer go through?
epidermis and dermis
What is the therapeutic plan based on?
-diagnosis
-clinical signs
-presenting complaint
Which components of signalment are important for derm?
-age
-breed
-sex
-color
What should be gathered during a derm history?
-progression/changes in condition
-chronological information on condition
