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THER 201 ANATOMY > Lecture #2 > Flashcards

Lecture #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 types of muscle fiber types?

A
  • Parallel

- Pennate

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2
Q

What are the 5 categories of parallel muscles?

A
  • Flat
  • Fusiform
  • Strap
  • Radiate
  • Circular
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3
Q

What is a Flat muscle type?

A

Usually thin and broad

EX: Rectus abdominus

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4
Q

What is a fusiform muscle type and EX?

A

Spindle shaped

EX: Biceps brachii

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5
Q

What is a strap muscle type and EX?

A

Long parallel manor

EX: Sartorius

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6
Q

What is a radiate muscle type and EX?

A

Triangular and fan-shaped

EX: Trapezius

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7
Q

What is a circular muscle and EX?

A

Endless strap muscle

EX: Orbicularis (surrounding of the mouth)

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8
Q

What are pennate muscles?

A

Have short fibers, increased power

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9
Q

What are the 3 categories of pennate muscles?

A
  • Unipennate
  • Bipennate
  • Multipennate
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10
Q

What is a multipennate muscle and EX?

A

Have several tendons with fibers running diagonally between them
EX: Deltoid

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11
Q

What is an intrinsic muscle?

A

Small muscles found within a body part

EX: in the hand

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12
Q

What is a extrinsic muscle?

A

Outside muscles which are long ones

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13
Q

What is innervation?

A

It is the name of a nerve that supplies a muscle

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14
Q

What is the Origin?

A

It is the proximal attachment site that is the least movable part

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15
Q

What is the insertion?

A

The distal attachment site that is the most movable

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16
Q

What is a isometric contraction?

A

Where the muscle contracts but there is no movement at the joint
EX: Pushing on a wall

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17
Q

What is isotonic contraction?

A

A contraction where the joint moves and it can either be concentric or eccentric

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18
Q

What is concentric contraction?

A

Where the muscle shortens

EX: Elbow flexion

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19
Q

What is eccentric contraction?

A

When the muscle lengthens

EX: Elbow extension

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20
Q

What creates more tension, concentric or eccentric?

A

Eccentric

21
Q

What is the agonist muscle?

A

The main muscle involved in the movement

22
Q

What is the antagonist?

A

It is the muscle located on the opposite side of the joint from the agonist

23
Q

What is a synergist?

A

It is the muscle that assists the action of the agonist

24
Q

What are the 5 levels of control in the central nervous system?

A
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Basal ganglia
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain stem
  • Spinal cord
25
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do in CNS?

A
  • Highest level of control

- Provides creation for voluntary movements

26
Q

What does the basal ganglia do in the CNS?

A
  • Controls posture and equilibrium

- Controls learned movements

27
Q

What does the cerebellum do in the CNS?

A

Major integrator of sensory impulses and provides feedback relative to motion

28
Q

What does the brain stem do in the CNS?

A
  • Integrates all central nervous systems

- Maintains a wakeful state

29
Q

What does the spinal cord do in CNS?

A

Common pathway between CNS and PNS

-Spinal reflexes

30
Q

In the PNS what are the 2 groups of nerves that are important?

A
  • Cranial nerves (1-12)

- Spinal nerves

31
Q

What do cranial nerves 1,2,8 do?

A

-Sensory, olfactory and optic

32
Q

What do cranial nerves ,3,4,6,11,12 do?

A
  • Motor nerves

- 3,4,6, -eye control

33
Q

What do cranial nerves 5,7,9,10 do?

A
  • They are mixed, sensory/motor

- 5 is the largest nerve for face sensation

34
Q

What # are sensory nerves?

A

1 -Olfactory
2 -Optic
8 -Hearing, ballance

35
Q

What # are motor nerves?

A 
3 -Oculomotor
4 -Trochlear
6 -Lateral gaze
11 -Head movement Upper trap
12 -Muscle of the toung
36
Q

What # are mixed nerves?

A

5 - Face sensation
7 - Facial
9 -Swallowing
10 -Touch and pain

37
Q

What is the spinal foramen?

A

An opening for all the spinal nerves to go through

38
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A 
31
8 -Cervical
12 -Thoracic
5 -Lumbar
5 -Sacral
1 -Coccygeal
39
Q

What is a plexus?

A

A gathering of nerve roots

40
Q

Cervical plexus?

A

Cervical Nerves 1-4

41
Q

Brachial plexus?

A

Cervical nerves 5-8 and thoracic nerve 1

42
Q

Lumbar plexus?

A

Lumbar nerves 1-4

43
Q

Thoracic plexus?

A

Thoracic nerves 2-12

44
Q

Sacral plexus?

A

Lumbar nerves 5- sacral nerve 4

45
Q

Can proprioception be enhanced?

A

Yes, through specific training

46
Q

When can greatest amount of tension develop?

A

When the muscle is stretched between 100-130% of its resting length

47
Q

What is active insuffiancy?

A

The muscle has shortened to the point of no tension

48
Q

What is passive insufficancy?

A

The muscle has lengthened and can not generate effective tesion

THER 201 ANATOMY (10 decks)

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