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THER 201 ANATOMY > Lecture #2 > Flashcards

Lecture #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 types of muscle fiber types?

A
  • Parallel

- Pennate

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2
Q

What are the 5 categories of parallel muscles?

A
  • Flat
  • Fusiform
  • Strap
  • Radiate
  • Circular
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3
Q

What is a Flat muscle type?

A

Usually thin and broad

EX: Rectus abdominus

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4
Q

What is a fusiform muscle type and EX?

A

Spindle shaped

EX: Biceps brachii

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5
Q

What is a strap muscle type and EX?

A

Long parallel manor

EX: Sartorius

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6
Q

What is a radiate muscle type and EX?

A

Triangular and fan-shaped

EX: Trapezius

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7
Q

What is a circular muscle and EX?

A

Endless strap muscle

EX: Orbicularis (surrounding of the mouth)

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8
Q

What are pennate muscles?

A

Have short fibers, increased power

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9
Q

What are the 3 categories of pennate muscles?

A
  • Unipennate
  • Bipennate
  • Multipennate
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10
Q

What is a multipennate muscle and EX?

A

Have several tendons with fibers running diagonally between them
EX: Deltoid

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11
Q

What is an intrinsic muscle?

A

Small muscles found within a body part

EX: in the hand

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12
Q

What is a extrinsic muscle?

A

Outside muscles which are long ones

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13
Q

What is innervation?

A

It is the name of a nerve that supplies a muscle

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14
Q

What is the Origin?

A

It is the proximal attachment site that is the least movable part

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15
Q

What is the insertion?

A

The distal attachment site that is the most movable

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16
Q

What is a isometric contraction?

A

Where the muscle contracts but there is no movement at the joint
EX: Pushing on a wall

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17
Q

What is isotonic contraction?

A

A contraction where the joint moves and it can either be concentric or eccentric

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18
Q

What is concentric contraction?

A

Where the muscle shortens

EX: Elbow flexion

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19
Q

What is eccentric contraction?

A

When the muscle lengthens

EX: Elbow extension

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20
Q

What creates more tension, concentric or eccentric?

21
Q

What is the agonist muscle?

A

The main muscle involved in the movement

22
Q

What is the antagonist?

A

It is the muscle located on the opposite side of the joint from the agonist

23
Q

What is a synergist?

A

It is the muscle that assists the action of the agonist

24
Q

What are the 5 levels of control in the central nervous system?

A
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Basal ganglia
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain stem
  • Spinal cord
25
What does the cerebral cortex do in CNS?
- Highest level of control | - Provides creation for voluntary movements
26
What does the basal ganglia do in the CNS?
- Controls posture and equilibrium | - Controls learned movements
27
What does the cerebellum do in the CNS?
Major integrator of sensory impulses and provides feedback relative to motion
28
What does the brain stem do in the CNS?
- Integrates all central nervous systems | - Maintains a wakeful state
29
What does the spinal cord do in CNS?
Common pathway between CNS and PNS | -Spinal reflexes
30
In the PNS what are the 2 groups of nerves that are important?
- Cranial nerves (1-12) | - Spinal nerves
31
What do cranial nerves 1,2,8 do?
-Sensory, olfactory and optic
32
What do cranial nerves ,3,4,6,11,12 do?
- Motor nerves | - 3,4,6, -eye control
33
What do cranial nerves 5,7,9,10 do?
- They are mixed, sensory/motor | - 5 is the largest nerve for face sensation
34
What # are sensory nerves?
1 -Olfactory 2 -Optic 8 -Hearing, ballance
35
What # are motor nerves?
``` 3 -Oculomotor 4 -Trochlear 6 -Lateral gaze 11 -Head movement Upper trap 12 -Muscle of the toung ```
36
What # are mixed nerves?
5 - Face sensation 7 - Facial 9 -Swallowing 10 -Touch and pain
37
What is the spinal foramen?
An opening for all the spinal nerves to go through
38
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
``` 31 8 -Cervical 12 -Thoracic 5 -Lumbar 5 -Sacral 1 -Coccygeal ```
39
What is a plexus?
A gathering of nerve roots
40
Cervical plexus?
Cervical Nerves 1-4
41
Brachial plexus?
Cervical nerves 5-8 and thoracic nerve 1
42
Lumbar plexus?
Lumbar nerves 1-4
43
Thoracic plexus?
Thoracic nerves 2-12
44
Sacral plexus?
Lumbar nerves 5- sacral nerve 4
45
Can proprioception be enhanced?
Yes, through specific training
46
When can greatest amount of tension develop?
When the muscle is stretched between 100-130% of its resting length
47
What is active insuffiancy?
The muscle has shortened to the point of no tension
48
What is passive insufficancy?
The muscle has lengthened and can not generate effective tesion

THER 201 ANATOMY (10 decks)

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