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2 Neuroanatomy > Lecture 2 & 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

main motor pathway in humans
begins in M1 and projects down
control on opposite side of body

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2
Q

Upper motor neurons

A

all in the CNS
project from cortex down to the brainstem or spinal cord

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3
Q

Lower motor neurons

A

CNS/PNS
located in anterior horns
affect muscles in periphery

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4
Q

Somatic sensation

A

touch, pain, temperature, vibration, proprioception

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5
Q

Somatic systems

A

DCML
ALS
have pseudounipolar neurons

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6
Q

ALS conveys

A

pain, temperature sense, crude touch

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7
Q

DCML conveys

A

proprioception, vibration, discriminative touch

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8
Q

impact on Broca’s area

A

cannot produce language

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9
Q

impact on wernicke’s area

A

can produce language but not sensible

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10
Q

Apraxia

A

parietal lobe
abnormalities in conceptualizing, planning, executing

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11
Q

Hemineglect

A

parietal lobe
neglect of contralateral side
distortion of space

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12
Q

Ansognosia

A

parietal lobe
unawareness of deficit

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13
Q

Extinction

A

parietal lobe
unable to correctly identified stimulus when simultaneously presented; can’t identify on opposite side of lesion

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14
Q

Frontal release signs

A

grasp, root, suck, snout

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15
Q

Perseveration

A

frontal lobe
repeating same action over and over again

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16
Q

Personality changes

A

frontal lobe
impaired judgement, cheerful lack of concern, inappropriate joking

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17
Q

Abulic

A

frontal lobe
stare passively and respond to commands after long delay

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18
Q

Magnetic gait

A

frontal lobe
feet shuffling close to floor

19
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Visual association cortex
inability to recognize faces

20
Q

Achromatopsia

A

Visual association cortex
inability to recognize colors

21
Q

Palinopsia

A

Visual association cortex
persistent or reappearance of an object viewed earlier

22
Q

Thalamus

A

important relay center of the cortex
made mostly of gray matter
each sensory modality has a different relay area

23
Q

parkinson’s

A

impact on basal ganglia

24
Q

Brainstem

A

all info passing between cerebral hemispheres and spinal cord passes through here
contains nuclei that help with neurotransmitters, pain, HR, BP, respiration, motor system

25
Q

Reticular formation

A

extends through brainstem from medulla to midbrain. mainly arousal and sensation
caudal: invovled in motor and autonomic
rostral: level of consciousness

26
Q

Tectum

A

roof in the midbrain

27
Q

lateral horns in T10

A

contains cell bodies for autonomic nervous system

28
Q

Limbic system

A

regulation of emotions, memory, appetite
lesions cause deficits in long-term memories
epileptic seizures in this area

29
Q

SCALP

A

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurotica (galea)
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium

30
Q

Falx cerebri

A

dura mater, splits the brain in half/hemispheres

31
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

dura mater, covers the cerebellum
areas above and below –supratentorial, infratentorial
opening = tentorial notch

32
Q

Epidural space

A

space between inner surface of skull and dura
middle meningeal artery runs in here

33
Q

Subdural space

A

space between inner layer of dura and the arachnoid mater

34
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

CSF filled space

35
Q

Lateral ventricle

A

within cerebral hemispheres

36
Q

Third ventricle

A

within thalamus and hypothalamus

37
Q

Fourth ventrilce

A

within pons, medulla, cerebellum

38
Q

Lumbar cistern

A

spinal tap/punctures occur here

39
Q

Sinuses

A

Deoxygenated blood drain into the internal jugular vein

40
Q

Brain capillary

A

have tight junctions
requires active transport

41
Q

Role of BBB

A

protects brain function from fluctuations in blood chemistry

42
Q

Circumventricular organs

A

areas of BBB is interrupted
allows brain to respond to changes in chemicals

43
Q

Middle cerebral artery

A

most common area for stroke

2 Neuroanatomy (14 decks)

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