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2 Neuroanatomy > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord
arises from neural tube

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2
Q

Neural tube

A

made of ecodermal cells
has fluid filled cavities (ventricles) which contain CSF

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3
Q

PNS

A

spinal nerves
cranial nerves
sympathetic & parasympathetic nerves
all associated ganglia

enteric nervous system

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4
Q

3 vesicle stage

A

Prosencephalon/forebrain
Mesencephalon/midbrain
Rhombencephalon/hindbrain

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5
Q

5 vesicle stage

A

Telecephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

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6
Q

Telecephalon becomes…

A

cerebral hemispheres
cerebral cortex
subcortical white matter
basal ganglia

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7
Q

Diencephalon becomes…

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus

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8
Q

Mesencephalon becomes…

A

cerebral peduncles
midbrain tectum
midbrain tegmentum

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9
Q

Metencephalon becomes…

A

pons
cerebellum

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10
Q

Myelencephalon becomes…

A

medulla

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11
Q

Flexures of embryo

A

Cephalic & Cervical

we lose the cervical, cephalic becomes the axis of the brain

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12
Q

Midbrain axises

A

superior = rostral
inferior = caudal
anterior = ventral
posterior = dorsal

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13
Q

Remainder of brain axises

A

superior = dorsal
inferior = ventral
anterior = rostral
posterior = caudal

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14
Q

Brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

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15
Q

choroid plexus

A

produce CSF
present on 3rd/4th ventricle roof & roof/floor of lateral ventricles

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16
Q

CSF roles

A

provide support for brain/nervous system
regulate chemical environment of brain/ns
acts as a channel for chemical communicators

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17
Q

Pia mater

A

innermost, very delicate and adheres to surface of brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

joins but is night tightly bound to dura, leaving the subdural space

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19
Q

Dura mater

A

thickest and outermost of the membranes. serves protective function

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20
Q

Falx cerebri

A

dura mater that separates the two cerebral hemispheres

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21
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

separates the cerebellum from central hemispheres

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22
Q

Cell body

A

contains nucleus

23
Q

dendrites

A

receive most inputs to cell

24
Q

axons

A

carry most outputs

25
synapses
communication between neurons
26
myelin sheath
insulated axons
27
oligodendrocytes
form myelin in CNS
28
Schwann cells
form myelin in PNS
29
nodes of ranvier
unmyleninated axon voltage-gated ion channels conduction from node to node occurs by saltatory conduction
30
glial cells
axons are insulated by specialized glial cells that form a lipid myelin sheath that speeds the rate of action potential conduction
31
unipolar neuron
axon and dendrite from single process from cell body
32
bipolar neuron
single dendrite and axon from cell body
33
pseudounipolar neuron
has two processes; one goes to CNS, the other to the PNS
34
multipolar neuron
most in brain and spinal cord multiple branches of axons and dendrites
35
Projection neurons
multipolar neurons w/long axons. communicate to the PNS axon terminals are at distant sites
36
Interneurons
multipolar neurons w/short axons remain in same region as the cell body location processes info within the brain region
37
Functions of chemical transmitters
neuromodulation mediate rapid communication between neurons
38
Neuromodulation
cellular signaling can regulate synaptic transmission, neuronal growth, etc can inhibit or facilitate signaling of neuron
39
glutamate
most common excitatory chemical transmitter in CNS
40
AcTH
most common excitatory chemical transmitter in PNS
41
White matter brain
myleinated axons
42
Gray matter brain
cell bodies
43
Commisure
white matter structure that connects right and left sides of CNS corpus collusm, anterior/posterior commissure, hippocampal commissure
44
Ganglia
cluster of cell bodies in PNS
45
Afferent
takes information towards the brain sensory
46
Efferent
takes information away from the brain motor
47
SNS arises from
throacic and lumbar spinal levels, T1-L3
48
Parasympathetic nervous system arises from
cranial nerves and sacral levels (S2-S4)
49
Autonomic nervous system is controlled by
higher centers in hypothalamus, limbic system, and afferent info from PNS
50
M1 and S1
are mapped with a motor or sensory homuculus motor focuses more on limbs, sensory has teeth, tongue, GI, etc.
51
V1
retinal areas mapped in retinotopic fashion
52
A1
mapped in tonotopic representation, sensing different frequencies
53
Cerebral cortex layers
comprised of neocortex (6), paleocortex (6+), archiocortex (3) allows for higher brain function
54
Neocortex
6 cell layers 1 = dendrites, some axons 2/3 = neurons that go to other areas of cortex 4 = inputs from thalamus 5 = goes to subcortical structures, brainstem, spinal cord, basal ganglia 6 = goes to thalamus

2 Neuroanatomy (14 decks)

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