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MIP 300 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Human cell diameter:

A

10-100 mm

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2
Q

Bacteria diameter:

A

1 micron

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3
Q

Should a light microscope be used to study bacteria?

A

If looking for the size/shape/arrangement of bacteria. Otherwise, resolving power is not strong enough

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4
Q

Virus diameter:

A

0.01-0.1 microns

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5
Q

Can a virus be seen on a light microscope?

A

No, it is far too small

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6
Q

List microbes in order of smallest to largest:

A

Prion < Virus < Bacterium < Yeast

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7
Q

Describe bright field microscopy:

A
  • Must heat-fix and stain bacteria
  • Background appears light
  • Bacteria are color of stain
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8
Q

Describe Dark Field Microscopy:

A
  • Light is refracted by organism and enters objective
  • Background appears dark
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9
Q

Describe Phase Contrast Microscopy:

A
  • Shades of gray
  • Phase Contrast converts differences in refractive indices to detect variations in light intensity
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10
Q

Describe Fluorescent Microscopy:

A

Uses UV light to excite fluorescent molecules

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11
Q

Describe electron microscopy:

A
  • Resolution 1000x better than light microscope
  • 5E-4 micron resolution
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12
Q

What microscopy should you use to study organelles inside a eukaryotic microbe?

A

Phase contrast - shows differences in light refraction

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13
Q

What microscopy should you use to study bacteria sample t visualize arrangement, cell shape and size?

A

Bright field

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14
Q

What microscopy should you use to study bacteria to look at small internal structures?

A

Electron microscopy

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15
Q

What microscopy should you use to study viruses in infected cells?

A

Electron microscopy
Fluorescent microscopy

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16
Q

What microscopy should you use to study live bacteria in a water sample?

A

Phase contrast

17
Q

What microscopy should you use to study yeast cells used in the beer brewing process?

A

Phase contrast

18
Q

What is a simple stain?

A

Only one stain is used to increase visibility

19
Q

What is a differential stain?

A

Multiple stains are used to determine characteristics of one or more microbes.

20
Q

Shapes of bacteria:

A

Cocci (Spherical), Bacilli (rods), Vibrios (Commas), Spirals (Spirilla- with flagella & Spirochetes- no flagella)

21
Q

Arrangements of Cocci:

A

Diplococci - 2 cocci
Streptococci - chains of cocci
Staphylococci - groups/cluster
Tetrads - 2 planes, 4 cell groups
Sarcina - 3 planes, 8 cell groups

22
Q

Arrangement of Bacilli:

A

Coccobacillus (resemble cocci)
Diplobacillus - 2 bacilli
Streptobacillus - chains of bacillus

23
Q

Characteristics of bacterial cells:

A
  • Peptidoglycan wall
  • Prokaryotic
24
Q

What does a gram stain differentiate between?

A

Differentiates between Gram (+) and Gram (-) cell walls.

25
Q

Gram (+) color:

A

Purple

26
Q

Gram (-) color

A

Pink/Red

27
Q

Process of performing a Gram Stain

A

Crystal violet + Gram’s iodine, acetone alcohol decolorizer, saffranin

28
Q

What does an Acid Fast stain differentiate between?

A

Bacteria that produce mycolic acid and don’t produce mycolic acid

29
Q

Acid fast (+) color

A

Red/pink

30
Q

Acid fast (-) color

A

Blue

31
Q

How do you perform acid fast stain?

A

Carbol fuchsin + heat, Acid alcohol decolorizer, Methylene blue

32
Q

What does an endospore stain differentiate for?

A

Bacteria that produce endospores vs. don’t

33
Q

Endospore (+) color

A

Green endospores

34
Q

Endospore (-) color

A

Pink non-endospore material

35
Q

How do you perform an endospore stain?

A

Malachite green + heat, water decolorizer, safranin

36
Q

What is mycolic acid?

A

Fatty acid chain that form walls of Mycobacteria.

37
Q

What does a flagella stain differentiate for?

A

Bacteria that have flagella vs. don’t

38
Q

What part of the bacteria is stained in a flagella stain?

A

The outside of the flagella, to make it visible under the microscope.

MIP 300 (13 decks)

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