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Classics in Animal Behavior midterm > lecture 2 > Flashcards

lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Genotype

A

individuals genetic makeup

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2
Q

Meiosis

A

produces cells that are genetically unique from parent and contain only half of their DNA

production of sexual reproduction

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3
Q

Gene Flow

A

when an individual from a different population enters a group and breeds

ex: mountain lion crossing state lines

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4
Q

Genetic Drift

A

there is a change in a population, from a change in gene frequency based on chance events

ex: a human steps on a pile of ants

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5
Q

Gene Pool

A

the total amount of genetic material found in a distinct group that interbreeds

ex: 12 females and 6 males in a species group

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6
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

geneticist who founded alleles with researching pea plants

dominant genes are expressed
recessive alleles are NOT expressed

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7
Q

Mitosis

A

produces 2 genetically identical “daughter” cells from a single parent cell

asexual reproduction

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8
Q

Allele

A

alternative form of a gene

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9
Q

Phenotype

A

physical appearance based on the expression of its genes

ex: hair and eye color

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10
Q

3 types of variation

A
  1. genetic mixing and recombination
  2. errors that can occur when DNA is replicated
  3. induced my mutagens (chemicals, radiation)
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11
Q

Chromosome

A

long strand of DNA made up of many genes

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12
Q

Gene

A

hereditary unit (Mendelian)

linear portion of DNA that codes for a protein

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13
Q

Direct Fitness

A

how many biological offspring an individual has

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14
Q

Kin Selection
(2 predictions)

A
  1. an animal will help a relative rather than a non-relative
  2. an animal will prioritize closest kin over another
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15
Q

Sexual Selection

A

a selection whereby those traits related to reproductive success are emphasized and in turn, selected/passed for the next generation

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16
Q

Pleiotropy

A

a single gene regulates many unrelated structures and behaviors

ex: in mice one gene controls for color, visual sensitivity, and kidney function

17
Q

Polygeny

A

when several different genes may influence one behavior or trait

ex: type 2 diabetes

18
Q

Mixed Evolutionary Stable Strategy

A

more than one feeding strategy
backup feeding strategy

ex: using different foraging techniques

19
Q

Evolutionary Stable Strategy

A

a strategy so efficient and successful that it would not be replaced by another strategy UNLESS conditions changed in an animals environment

ex: male elephant seals fighting over mating with females, whoever wins gets more breeding opportunities

20
Q

Optimality Theory

A

when an animal is most efficient in all their behaviors such as foraging, anti-predator, mating behavior

21
Q

Strategy

A

a course of behavior that has successfully resulted in an animal finding necessities

ex: best way to find food has favorable cost/benefit ratio

22
Q

Inbreeding

A

mating of 2 closely related animals

23
Q

Outbreeding

A

mating of unrelated yet similar animals

24
Q

Epigenics

A

interaction of genes, experience, and the environment

ex: when boys were starved before puberty, they had lower rates of heart disease. Those who overate before puberty, had higher rates of heart disease

25
Q

Intraueterine Effect

A

2M males were more aggressive in securing mates than 1M or 0M males and have more offspring

2M females were defeminized and reached sexual maturity later

26
Q

Nature vs. Nurture

A

genes vs the environment

ex: person short bc of genes
person short bc of starvation or stress during development

27
Q

Indirect Fitness

A

how many biological offspring your (blood-related) relatives have

28
Q

Inclusive Fitness

A

direct fitness + indirect fitness

29
Q

FsB gene

A

females who were more nurturing mothers had gene and those that were poor mothers had a mutant gene

Classics in Animal Behavior midterm (8 decks)

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